Judy Malloy, Editor

An Authoring Software Digital Humanities Resource

Social networking environments, where artists and writers come together in the discussion, creation, and sharing of art and literature, encompass conferencing systems, email, Twitter and Second Life, among many others. Ideally, on software-mediated social media platforms there is an energy that reflects and catalyzes the artmaking process, fostering a creative bonding -- not only for writers and artists working in new media art and literature but also for contemporary culture as a whole, including artists in the fields of music, dance, and theater, among many others.

Social Media Community, an Authoring Software resource in progress, looks at social media platforms in terms of their historical and contemporary roles in the creation of cultural community on the Internet.

This first build focuses on historic social media communities.

Email, Network Email

__Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1998.
__John Quarterman, The Matrix: Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems Worldwide. Bedford, MA: Digital Press, 1990.
__Ray Tomlinson
_ "The First Network Email"
_ The First Email Computer

The Community Memory, 1973-1975
"The idea is to work with a process whereby technological tools, like computers, are used by the people themselves to shape their own lives and communities in sane and liberating ways. In this case the computer enables the creation of a communal memory bank, accessible to anyone in the community. With this, we can work on providing the information, services, skills, education, and economic strength our community needs."
Community Memory Flyer

The first Community Memory terminal. Housed in a cardbox box at Leopold's Records in Berkeley, California, it was an ASR-33 Teletype connected by a 110-baud line to an XDS-940 host in San Francisco. (Photo licensed by Mark Szpakowski for the Community Memory Project under Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike)

__Lee Felsenstein: The First Community Memory, The Computer History Museum, 2011
__Joyce Slaton, "Remembering Community Memory, The Berkeley beginnings of online community", San Francisco Gate, December 13, 2001
__Mark Szpakowski, Community Memory Home

Send/Receive, 1977
Center for New Art Activities, New Work and Art Com/La Mamelle, Inc, San Francisco
A two-way interactive transmission between New York City and San Francisco, the project used a CTS satellite and cable television.
"Within the terrific 'electronic space' we conducted dance pieces using split screen, where dancers in NYC and SF would interact. Music experiments with performers playing to activity in SF and the reverse. Experiments in looping the signal around the system a few times and taking delight in the noise and delay. sorts of other investigations..." Carl Loeffler, quoted in Judy Malloy, "Memories of Art Com and La Mamelle", Authoring Software, last update, May, 3012

Willoughby Sharp photo: Pamela Seymour Smith
licensed by Pamela Seymour Smith under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.

__Carl Eugene Loeffler and Roy Ascott, "Chronology and Working Survey of Select Teecommunications Activity" in Roy Ascott and Carl Eugene Loeffler, guest eds, Connectivity: Art and Interactive Telecommunications, Leonardo 24:2, 1991. pp. 236-240
__Gene Mchugh, "Out-of-Body: Willoughby Sharp's Work on Art and Technology" Rhizome, February 25, 2009
__Rachel Wetzler, "Send/Receive: Liza Bear and Willoughby Sharp After Avalanche", Rhizome, Novemeber 29, 2012

MUDs and MOOs 1978-

__Richard Bartle, "Interactive Multi-User Computer Games," MUSE Ltd Research Report, December, 1990
__Pavel Curtis, "Mudding: Social Phenomena in Text-Based Virtual Reality", Palo Alto, CA: Xerox Corporation, Palo Alto Research Center, April, 1992. CSL-92-4 (EFF "MOO_MUD_IRC" Archive)
__Pavel Curtis and David A. Nichols, "MUDs Grow Up: Social Virtual Reality in the Real World", Palo Alto, CA: Xerox PARC: Xerox Corporation, Palo Alto Research Center, May 5, 1993 (EFF "MOO_MUD_IRC" Archive)

__Authoring Software, MUDS and MOOS, 2013

USENET, 1979-
__Cara Bonnett, "A Piece of Internet History", DukeToday, May 17, 2010
__Gene Spafford, "Usenet Software: History and Sources"

__Howard Rheingold, "Grassroots Groupminds", in Howard Rheingold, The Virtual Community, Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier, MIT Press; revised edition, 2000.

ARTBOX/ARTEX, 1981-1991

"My belief in this new order of the text, actually a new order of discourse, and my wish to exercise and celebrate the participatory mode of dispersed authorship which networking affords, led me to devise a project wholly concer ned with the interweaving of textual inputs from a global distribution of artists. This became 'La Plissure du Texte' in the exhibition ELECTRA 1983 in the Musee d'art Moderne de la Ville de Paris. The title of the project alludes, of course, to Roland Barthes' book 'Le Plaisir du Texte' but pleating (Plissure) is not intended to replace pleasure (plaisir) only to amplify and enhance it." Roy Ascott, Art and Telematics, in Heidi Grundmann, ed, Art Telecommunication, Vancouver: Western Front; Vienna: BLIX, 1984. pp. 24-68

__ I.P. Sharpe
__ Robert Adrian X. Medien, Kunst, Netz
__ARTBOX/ARTEX
__Robert Adrian, Art and Telecommunication, 1979-1986: The Pioneer Years, springer 1:1, 1995
__Robert Adrian, "Bartlett/Interplay, To: nettime-l {AT} bbs.thing.net, March 19, 2001
__Roy Ascott, La Plissure du Texte, December 11 to 23, 1983 (ARTEX)
__Roy Ascott, "Art and Telematics", Towards a Network Consciousness," in Roy Ascott, Telematic Embrace, Visionary Theories of Art, Technology, and Consciousness. Edward A. Shanken, Editor. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2007.
__Heidi Grundmann, ed, Art Telecommunication, Vancouver: Western Front; Vienna: BLIX, 1984
__Jeremy Turner, "OUTER SPACE: The Past, Present and Future of Telematic Art - 04, Interview with Norman White about Early Telematic Art at Open Space Gallery in Victoria, OUTERSPACE, December, 2003
Norman White, hearsay, Telematic Connections: The Virtual Embrace, Walker Art Center, 2001

IN.S.OMNIA, 1983-1993 (Invisible Seattle's Omnia)
__Rob Wittig, The Invisible Seattle Phrasebook, 2012
__Rob Wittig, Invisible Rendezvous: Connection and Collaboration in the New Landscape of Electronic Writing, Wesleyan University Press, University Press of New England, 1994.

The Electronic Cafe, 1984-circa 1997

"THE CHALLENGE: We Must Create at the Same Scale as We can Destroy If the arts are to take a role in shaping and humanizing emerging technological environments, individuals and arts constituencies must begin to imagine at a much larger scale of creativity." -- Kit Galloway & Sherrie Rabinowitz, "The Electronic Cafe" in Judy Malloy, Producer, Making Art Online, 1991-1994, Telematic Connections: The Virtual Embrace, Walker Art Center, 2001

__ Electronic Cafe, International, 18th Street Arts Center
__Steven Durland, "Defining the Image as Place, a Conversation with Kit Galloway Sherrie Rabinowitz & Gene Youngblood", High Performance 37:53-59. 1987 Leonardo 24:2, 1991. pp. 228-230

BITNET/LISTSERV

David Alan Grier and Mary Campbell, "Social History of Bitnet and Listserv, 1985-1991", IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 22:2, April 2000. pp. 32-41

The WELL, 1985-
Founders: Stewart Brand and Larry Brilliant

Sysop David Hawkins, (dhawk) with the VAX 11/750
in the original Sausalito dock office of The WELL
photo John Coate, circa 1988

__John Coate, "Art Communication and The WELL", in Leonardo, Supplemental Issue, Electronic Art 1988. p.118
__Cliff Figallo, "The WELL: Small Town on the Internet Highway System", September, 1993
(Adapted from a paper presented to the "Public Access to the Internet" meeting sponsored by the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University in May, 1993. fig@well.com)
__Howard Rheingold, WELL Party 1989: proto-online social network meetup, Boing Boing, 2008
__ WELL Tales

Art Com Electronic Network, 1986-circa 1992

Art Com Electronic Network Founder, Carl Loeffler
photo: Judy Malloy, at "Art and Telecommunications," NCGA Conference, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, June 10, 1989

"You know that I'd been following and participating in Canadian Art from the mid-seventies. And this had gotten us involved in slo-scan video and computer networking projects as early as the late seventies. In 1979/80 at SF MOMA we did a project called ARTISTS USE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS where we created a slo-scan link from that museum to cultural facilities in Tokyo, Vancouver, Toronto, Vienna, NYC, and Boston. The transmission was broadcast live on TV in Austria. To coordinate it all we used I.P. Sharpe and Associates, a Canadian based telecom carrier. The event is major in the history of art, because it was the "first" time this activity found its way to a museum. We interacted with these locations from SF MOMA, and it was great." Carl Loeffler as quoted in Judy Malloy, Memories of Art Com and La Mamelle, 2011

The Art Com Electronic Menu circa 1987

__Roy Ascott and Carl Eugene Loeffler, guest eds, Connectivity: Art and Interactive Telecommunications, Leonardo 24:2, 1991
__Carl Loeffler, "Telecomputing und die digitale Kultur", Ars Electronica 1989, Ars Electronica Arkiv
__Carl Loeffler, "New Art Online", in Leonardo, Supplemental Issue, Electronic Art 1988
__Judy Malloy, Memories of Art Com and La Mamelle, 2011

The Mail Art Factor

"'Information....in Communication Theory, is the Successive Selection of Signs, Without Regard to Their Meaning'" Mail Art from Ed Higgins, 1984

Madelyn Kim Starbuck, Clashing and Converging: Effects of the Internet on the Correspondence Art Network, Dissertation, Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2003

HUMANIST, 1987-

"Date: 14 May 1987, 20:17:18 EDT
Reply-To: MCCARTY@UTOREPAS
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion
From: MCCARTY@UTOREPAS

Welcome to HUMANIST

HUMANIST is a Bitnet/NetNorth electronic mail network for people who support computing in the humanities. Those who teach, review software, answer questions, give advice, program, write documentation, or otherwise support research and teaching in this area are included. Although HUMANIST is intended to help these people exchange all kinds of information, it is primarily meant for discussion rather than publication or advertisement."

Willard McCarty, "Welcome to HUMANIST", May 14, 1987

__Willard McCarty, "HUMANIST: Lessons from a Global Electronic Seminar", Computers and the Humanities 26:3, 1992. pp. 205-222

EchoNYC, 1990-

Echo Founder, Stacy Horn

__Stacy Horn, Cyberville: Clicks, Culture, and the Creation of an Online Town, NY, Warner Books, 1998
__Stacy Horn, "The 1st Social Network"

System X, 1990

Scot Art, "System X", in Judy Malloy, Producer, "System X" Making Art Online, 1991-1994, Telematic Connections: The Virtual Embrace, Walker Art Center, 2001

The Thing, 1991-

Wolfgang Staehle, director of The Thing: Screen grab of The Thing

__ old.thing.net
__Dike Blair, HIS THINGNESS, Interview with Wolfgang Staehle
__ Wolfgang Staehle
__Wolfgang Staehle, "The Thing", Median Kuntz, Netz
__ The Internet Before the Web: Preserving Early Networked Cultures, the New Museum, March 8, 2013
"New Museum's Digital Conservator Ben Fino-Radin in conversation with renowned archivist, historian, and documentary filmmaker Jason Scott and Wolfgang Staehle, artist and founder of The Thing BBS"

Arts Wire, 1992-2002

Image from the Arts Wire Website

"The mission of Arts Wire is to provide the arts community a communications network that has, at its core, the strong voices of artists and community-based cultural groups. With this foundation, Arts Wire intends to develop a broad and inclusive on-line community that allows distinct communities to establish their own standards and patterns of use within a system that reinforces democratic values and encourages interaction among its users. resources among a group of interested peers."

From Arts Wire's Mission statement, circa 1992
__ Arts Wire on the Wayback Machine, December 18, 1996
__ NYFA's History
__Judy Malloy, Memories of Arts Wire, 2011
__Anna Couey and Judy Malloy, Interactive Art Conference, 1993-1998
__Aida Mancillas and Lynn Susholtz, "Project Artnet"
documented in Anna Couey, "Restructuring Power: Telecommunications Works Produced by Women" in Judy Malloy, ed., Women, Art & Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2003. p. 66
__Pauline Oliveros, Douglas Cohen and David Mahler, NewMusNet __GENIND/NEME, Gender and Identity in New Media
Produced by Judy Malloy
Participants included Robert Atkins, Dara Birnbaum. Amanda McDonald Crowley, Joseph DeLappe, Carolyn Guertin Jennifer Hall, Blyth Hazen, Patricia Kim-Rajal, Brenda Laurel, Cecile Le Prado. Jacalyn Lopez Garcia Jaishree Odin, Pauline Oliveros, Christiane Paul, Frank Popper, Sonya Rapoport, Cynthia Beth Rubin, Allucquere Rosanne Stone, Loriann Two Bulls (Ogala Lakota) and Pamela Z, among maany others.

Cultures in Cyberspace, Nov 2-13, 1992.
Anna Couey, producer. Participants were American Indian Telecommunication/Dakota BBS; ArtsNet; (Australia) Arts Wire; USENET; and The WELL.

H-Net, 1993-

__Mark Lawrence Kornbluh and Peter Knupfer, "H-Net Ten Years On: Usage, Impact and the Problems of Professionalization in New Media", paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Historical Association, Chicago, January 2003.
__James P. Niessen, "H-Net and the Republic of Letters: New Models of Scholarly Communication", Presentation at the International Booksellers and Librarians Centre Frankfurt Book Fair, October 16, 1999. (revised May 2000)

H-AMSTDY, (American Studies) June 1993-
__ H-AMSTDY CHARTER

TrAce Online Writing Centre, 1995-2005

TrAce Business Card - courtesy of TrAce founder, Sue Thomas

__ Archive of the TrAce Online Writing Centre 1995-2005
__J. R. Carpenter, "Traces of the trAce Online Writing Centre 1995-2005", Jacket 2

Index of the eliterature chats hosted by Deena Larsen
__ TrAce ForumLive & Online Meeting MOO/Chat logs
A selected archive of logs of trAce online meetings, including joint trAce/elo chats

Contemporary Digital Humanities
Social Media Platforms

The WELL, 1985-

Rhizome, 1996-
"Artist Mark Tribe recognized that in order for this innovative form of expression to push its way into the forefront of contemporary art, there must be a platform of meanful communication among its creators. In February of 1996, he launched Rhizome, an online gathering of artists, authors, designers, programmers, musicians, curators, critics and groupies from all over the world"
Lila Sneed, "Rhizome Internet", Silicon Alley Reporter, 1997
Rhizome Mission Statement
__Mark Tribe and Reena Jana, New Media Art, Cologne: Taschen Verlag
__ Rhizome Archive

Furtherfield, 1997-
"Furtherfield was founded by artists Ruth Catlow and Marc Garrett in 1997 and sustained by the work of its community as the Internet took shape as a new public space for internationally connected cultural production."
Furtherfield "about" statement

#BlackWriters (Twitter hastag)

BrownPride.com

Critical Code Studies, Humanities and Critical Code Studies Lab

#dhpoco (Twitter hashtag) - Postcolonial Digital Humanities

e-critures
__Serge Bouchardon, "Digital Literature in France", University of Technology of Compiegne, COSTECH laboratory

Electronic/Digital Literature (Google+)

#elit (Twitter hashtag)

Fembot Collective

HASTAC, 2002-
founded by Cathy N. Davidson (Duke University) and David Theo Goldberg (Director, UCHRI)

The Hermeneia Research Group
__Laura Borràs Castanyer, "Growing up Digital:The Emergence of E-Lit Communities in Spain. The Case of Catalonia 'And the Rest is Literature'", Dichtung Digital No. 42

MLA Commons

netartery

netpoetic.com

Papers and Presentations

Authoring Software Resource Pages
__ Muds and Moos
__ Twitter
__ Computer-Mediated Collaborative Writing

Amanda McDonald Crowley, "Internet Art: 1992 - 2014", March 10, 2013

Amanda McDonald Crowley, X-Lab, October 26, 2010 - January 29, 2010

Steve Dietz, Telematic Connections: The Virtual Embrace, Walker Art Center , 2001

Leonardo Flores, "Authorial Scholarship 2.0: Tracing the creative process in online communities", ELMCIP Conference on Remediating the Social, Nov. 1-3, 2012, 2012

Heidi Grundmann, ed, Art Telecommunication, Vancouver: Western Front; Vienna: BLIX, 1984

Jennifer Hall and Blyth Hazen: "Do While Studio" in Judy Malloy, ed, Women, Art & Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2003. pp. 290-301

Kathy Rae Huffman, "Face Settings: an International Co-cooking and Communication Project" by Eva Wohlgemuth and Kathy Rae Huffman in Judy Malloy, Editor, Women, Art & Technology. Cambridge, MA, 2003.pp. 398-411

Judy Malloy, Making Art Online, 1991-1994, Telematic Connections: The Virtual Embrace, Walker Art Center, 2001

Bruce Mason and Sue Thomas, "A Million Penguins Research Report", Institute of Creative Technologies, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK, April 24, 2008

Tom Meyer, David Blair, and Suzanne Hader, "A MOO-Based Collaborative Hypermedia System for WWW"
discussion of the Hypertext MOO including Hypertext Hotel (begun by Robert Coover in conjunction with his Hypertext Fiction Workshop at Brown University and ported to Storyspace) Carolyn Guyer's Hi-Pitched Voices, and David Blair's WAXweb

Nick Montfort and Emily Short, Interactive Fiction Communities
From Preservation through Promotion and Beyond" in Scott Rettberg and Patricia Tomaszek, eds, Electronic Literature Communities, Part 1, dichtung-digital, Nr. 41

Scott Rettberg, "All Together Now: Hypertext, Collective Narrative, and Online Collective Knowledge Communities" in Ruth Page and Bronwen Thomas, eds New Narratives: Stories and Storytelling in the Digital Age, University of Nebraska Press, 2011

Scott Rettberg and Patricia Tomaszek, eds
__ Electronic Literature Communities, Part 1, dichtung-digital, Nr. 41
__ Electronic Literature Communities, Part 2 dichtung-digital, Nr. 42

Jill Walker Rettberg, Blogging, Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2008. a second edition is in press

Howard Rheingold, Net Smart, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2012

Warren Sack and Michael Dale, Street Stories: Designing Networked, Narrative Places of Community. Digital Arts / New Media Program University of California, Santa Cruz

Penny Travlou, "Rhizomes, Lines and Nomads: Doing Fieldwork with Creative Networked Communities", ELMCIP Conference on Remediating the Social, Nov. 1-3, 2012, 2012

Christine Wilks, Randy Adams, and Chris Joseph, "R3/\/\1X\/\/0RX - an artist's presentation" ELMCIP Conference on Remediating the Social, Nov. 1-3, 2012, 2012

Rob Wittig, "Shyness, Cushions, and Food - Case Studies in American Creative Communities", dichtung-digital, 2012.

For information about the Authoring Software project, email Judy Malloy at jmalloy@well.com

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