The example of dedicated
investigation and code breaking
-- set by many men and women
who were intelligence agents in
World War II -- no longer seems
the norm in an intelligence agency
culture in which the lives of
innocent people are spied on.

At the same time, technologies
of surveillance and control,
such as brain scanning, mind-body
control, wireless remote control,
and high-power ultrasound, have
been developed with government
funds in semi-secret. The
references set forth here look at
the potential for technology-
mediated repression in a climate
of intelligence agency and corporate
mercenary stalking of civilians.
In memory of Jerzy Witold Rózycki,
Piotr Smolenski, Jan Gralinski,
and François Lane, Polish
codebreakers working on
deconstructing the Enigma and
the French officer accompanying
them, who died when the ship
carrying them between France
and Algeria went down on
January 9, 1942, the exact day
I was born.
.......................... Judy Malloy
Systems of Surveillance
An information resource created in conjunction with
Revelations of Secret Surveillance
"Non-Lethal" Weapons; Brain Interference Technologies; the Altered Environment

Surveillance of Civilians

Background: Covert Total War; Human Experimentation
"Non-Lethal" Weapons; Brain Interference Technologies; the Altered Environment Surveillance of Civilians
Background - Covert Total War; Human Experimentation
"Nonlethal Weapons"

  • Karla Adam, "Merchants in Britain Give Young Loiterers an Earful,
    Shrill Noise Repels Kids but Not Adults", The Washington Post,
    February 27, 2008 --
    http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/26/AR2008022603716.html?hpid=topnews

  • John B. Alexander, "Acoustics", in Future War, Non-Lethal Weapons in
    Twenty-First Century Warfare    , NY, Thomas Dunne Books, 1999. pp. 95-102

    Details the use of high-power ultrasound weapons on humans and the built environment. These
    weapons, developed by Scientific Applications and Research Associates (SARA) in California,
    among others, have the capacity to cause pain, to cause inattention, sleepiness,
    and fatigue, and to disrupt mental reasoning. PPS (Pulsed Periodic Stimuli) weapons also
    developed at SARA, according to Alexander, are capable of causing neurophysiological distress
    and perceptual disorientation. The author also discusses how Ultrasound can weaken structures
    and potentially cause objects to move.

  • Robert J. Bunker, Editor, "Nonlethal Weapons: Terms and References", pp. 95-102
    INSS Occasional Paper 15, USAF Institute for National Security Studies
    USAF Academy, Colorado --
    http://www.angelfire.com/or/mctrl/nonlethal.html (angelfire.com website)

    This list is of interest because of the range of technologies which it includes
    and because it lists technologies, such neuro-implants -- described as "Computer implants
    into the brain which allow for behavioral modification and control" -- as "nonlethal weapons",
    whereas the research objectives for implants are often differently stated.

    Among the other nonlethal weapons it lists are: Pheromones, Electromagnetic Interference,
    "Hologram, Death", described as a "Hologram used to scare a target individual to death",
    and "Optical, Low Energy Laser-Eye Safe", descibed as a continuous wave laser mounted on
    a rifle, that "produces a high-intensity glare strong enough to temporarily delay and
    disorient an adversary...".

  • Lev Grossman, "Beyond the Rubber Bullet", Time, July 21, 2002
    http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,322588,00.html

  • Human Rights Watch, "Acoustic Weapons Memorandum For Convention
    on Conventional Weapons (CCW) Delegates", December 16, 1999 --
    http://www.hrw.org/about/projects/arms/memo-acoustic.htm

  • David Hambling, "Maximum pain is aim of new US weapon", New Scientist, March 2, 2005
    http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn7077

  • Michael Hanlon, "Run away the ray-gun is coming : We test US army's new secret weapon"
    Daily Mail, September 18, 2007
    http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/technology/technology.html?in_article_id=482560&in_page_id=1965

  • Peter Phillips, Lew Brown and Bridget Thornton
    A Study of the History of US Intelligence Community Human Rights
    Violations and Continuing Research, Project Censored, 2006
    http://s31076.gridserver.com/assets-managed/pdf/ElectromegnaticWeapons.pdf

  • Derek Price, "UNH is hub of Pentagon's 'non-lethal' weapons research program", The New Hampshire, March 25, 2008
    http://media.www.tnhonline.com/media/storage/paper674/news/2008/04/25/News/Unh-Is.Hub.Of.Pentagons.nonLethal.Weapons.Research.Program-3349649-page2.shtml

  • Sunshine Project - Nonlethal Weapons, US "Non Lethal" Chemical
    (and Biochemical) Weapons Research
    http://www.sunshine-project.org/incapacitants/

  • Daria Vaisman, "The Acoustics of War", Cabinet 5: Winter 2001/02 --
    http://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/5/acousticsofwar.php

  • Frank Vizard, "Do Microwave Weapons Kill?", Scientific American,
    February 18, 2003
    Note: Although some "Non-Lethal" Weapons may
    (depending on what they actually do) be more humane in battle
    situations, many have the potential of being covertly used against civilians,
    for instance, to interfere with the performance of athletes, to interfere with the work
    of artists and writers, to interfere with the work of women in the sciences.

    They could also be used to make peaceful demonstration very difficult.
Brain Scanning
Mind-Body Control

  • Ingfei Chen, "The Beam of Light That Flips a Switch That Turns on the Brain",
    The New York Times, August 14, 2007
    http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/14/science/14brai.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&ref=science&pagewanted=print

  • Brian L. Day, "Galvanic vestibular stimulation: new uses for an
    old tool" The Journal of Physiology 517.3, 1999p. 631 --
    http://jp.physoc.org/cgi/content/full/517/3/631

  • Barnaby J. Feder, "A Heart Device Is Found Vulnerable to Hacker Attacks", The New York Times,
    March 12, 2008
    http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/12/business/12heart-web.html?_r=1&oref=slogin

  • Douglas Fox, "Remote control brains: a neuroscience revolution",
    New Scientist, July 18, 2007 http://www.newscientist.com/channel/health/mg19526131.400-remote-control-brains-a-neuroscience-revolution.html

  • Michael Graziano, "How Does The Brain Control Movement?",
    Princeton University, CASE STUDY "How Does The Brain Control Movement?"
    http://weblamp.princeton.edu/~psych/psychology/research/graziano/case.php

  • Richard Gray, "Mind control", scotsman.com, July 16, 2006

  • Leah Hoffmann, "Remote-Controlled Humans", Forbes, August 4, 2005
    http://www.forbes.com/2005/08/04/technology-remote-control-humans_cx_lh_0804remotehuman.html

  • Yuri Kageyama, "A remote control that controls humans;
    Headset sends electricity through head, forcing wearer to move" MSNBC, Oct 25, 2005--
    http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9816703/

  • Jonathan D. Moreno, Mind Wars, Brain Research and National Defense,
    NY, NY; Washington, DC: Dana Press, 2006.

    With an emphasis on DARPA funding, Jonathan Moreno's Mind Wars,
    Brain Research and National Defense     provides an overview of brain invasive
    technologies that include the neuro-control of animals, brain fingerprinting,
    "building better soldiers" (his terminology) and nonlethal weapons.

    In a section entitled "No Pain No Gain", (pp. 153-154) Moreno discusses covert pain-inducing
    devices, including the ADS ("active-denial" system) that uses microwave beams and nociceptor
    stimulation that uses pulsed energy projectiles.(PEPS)

    In the context of pain-inducing weapons testing, the author suggests that calling human
    experiments "field trials", in order to circumvent human experiment ethics is acceptable.

    And in a chilling segment, he observes that seemingly the military considers that if doctors
    are not in charge, such tests could be considered a "field trial" rather than a human
    experiment.

    Speaking of cold war tests in which soldiers and sailors were
    purposefully exposed to Atomic bomb and chemical nerve agents, he writes:
    "One can argue whether there was deliberate duplicity on the part of
    military officials in these cases or not, but I don't think so. In fact,
    it's often not easy to tell the difference between developing a new
    device or training for a new situation and conducting a human experiment." (p. 157)

    Moreno's claim to be in the middle of the ethical debate on the use of mind
    invasive technologies is also belied by, among other things, his unethical advocacy
    for Augcog enhancements on soldiers: "Soldiers aren't normally asked for their
    informed consent before accepting what their command regards as the best preparation
    for battle. If the question is purely a moral one, than it's difficult to see why
    these AugCog enhancements should be regarded differently from anything else a soldier
    can be legally ordered to do." (p. 53)

    On the whole, the book seems to be a DARPA whitewash. Furthermore, Moreno does not
    adequately document the potential for technologies that allow access to the brain
    to be used to access human minds in order to cause pain nor does the book provide adequate
    coverage of synthetic telemetry research. Nevertheless, Mind Wars does at least raise ethics
    issues, and because there are few book length overviews of military neuroscience, the book is
    a contribution to the literature -- providing cogent evidence that there is a concerted Department
    of Defense research agenda in neuro-technologies.

  • "Pilot Study of Mind-to-Movement Device Shows Early Promise", Brown
    News Service -- http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2004-05/04-035.html

  • David F. Salisbury, "Complex behaviors could be `hard-wired' in
    the primate brain, Neuroscientists have identified an area called the
    primary motor cortex which, when stimulated, triggers simple muscle
    movements, Vanderbilt Register, March 28, 2005 --
    http://www.vanderbilt.edu/register/articles?id=18495

  • "SNRI study on pain transduction receptor is featured cover
    article in scientific journal" - Stark Neurosciences Research
    Institute,(Dr. Gerry Oxford et al.)

  • Elizabeth A. Thomson, "Monkey Controls Robotic Arm Using Brain
    Signals Sent Over the Internet, MIT News Service", December 6, 2000 --
    http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2000/monkeys-1206.html

    This experiment in mind-body control -- involving implanting
    electrodes in monkey's brains -- was performed by scientists
    at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina, MIT,
    and the State University of New York (SUNY) Health Science Center.
    Questions that should be asked are: What control would this give
    researchers over the minds of people with disabilities?
    What are the protections for patients from the potential that
    researchers who interfere with animal minds will also think their
    research priorities allow them to interfere with human minds and/or
    make decisions for patients without consulting them?
    Could this technology be used in "virtual commander" situations
    where the men and women in our armed forces could be controlled
    in battlefield situations.

    Note also that the 600 mile range of brain control demonstrated
    could allow unethical researchers to utilize these technologies
    across State borders.

    This research was sponsored by the National Institutes of Health,
    the National Science Foundation, the Defense Advanced Research Projects
    Agency, and the Office of Naval Research.
    History

  • Vannevar Bush
    "As We May Think", The Atlantic Monthly, July 1945 --
    http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/jod/texts/vannevar.bush.html

    In this alternately brilliant (the Memex, for instance)
    and chilling/sexist article, Bush advocates mind-body control.
    Bush was Director of the Office of Scientific Researchduring World
    War II, oversaw the Manhattan Project and was a key figure in the
    formation of the Military Industrial and Academic Complex.
Mind-Body Control: Virtual Soldiers/Control of Soldiers
Government Funded Research into the Control of Humans
  • Mihail C. Roco and William Sims Bainbridge, National Science Foundation
    "Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance", Arlington, VA;
    The National Science Foundation and the US Department of Commerce, June, 2002
    http://www.technology.gov/reports/2002/NBIC/Part1.pdf
Mind-Body Control - Sexual Stimulation and Love
Voice to Skull/Interactive Brain Communication

  • George Dvorsky, "Evolving Towards Telepathy,
    Demand for increasingly powerful communications technology points to our
    future as a 'techlepathic' species", Betterhumans archives, April 26, 2004
    http://www.21stcenturyradio.com/articles/05/0103318.html
    (21st Century Radio website)

    "By combining Jorgensen's device and a cochlear implant with a radio transmitter and a
    fancy neural data conversion device, we could create a form of communication that
    bypasses the acoustic realm altogether."

    The author's enthusiam for synthetic telemetry does not encompass the terrible incursions
    on the human mind and the potential for inquisition-type interogation that could result
    without detection and legislation. Nevertheless, he does present an informed report of some
    of the many ways this could be done and some of the researchers who are working in this field.

  • Douglas Pasternak, "John Norseen Reading your mind -
    and injecting smart thoughts" U.S. News & World Report,
    January 3/January 10, 2000, --
    http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/neuro/norseen.html
    (The Center for Cognitive Liberty & Ethics website)

  • Jocelyn Selim, "The Bionic Connection. Are we already a lot closer
    to a mind-machine interface than we ever guessed?", Discover Magazine, November 2002.
    http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/featbionic

  • Judy Wall, "Military Use of Mind Control Weapons", Nexus magazine,
    October/November 1998.
    http://www.mindcontrolforums.com/pro-freedom.co.uk/mumcw_jw.html
    (Project Freedom Human Rights Watch website)

  • Kevin Warwick
    http://www.kevinwarwick.com/

  • Sharon Weinberger, "Mind Games
    New on the Internet: a community of people who believe the government
    is beaming voices into their minds. They may be crazy, but the Pentagon
    has pursued a weapon that can do just that."
    Washington Post, January 14, 2007
    http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011001399_pf.html

  • Eleanor White, "New Devices that 'Talk' to Minds Need Debate,
    Controls", American Reporter, March 16, 2000 --
    http://www.raven1.net/amrep1.htm (on www.raven1.net/)
    History

  • "Brain Transmitters, 'What They Are and How They Are Used'",
    Mediaeko Investigative Reporting Group, 1996 Reprint --
    http://www.mindcontrolforums.com/brain6.htm
    (available on the Mind Control Forum website)

  • Jose Delgado, Physical Control of the Mind --
    http://www.angelfire.com/or/mctrl/delgado.htm (note that article does not allow return to linking site)

  • Richard Alan Miller, "Synthetic Telepathy and the Early Mind Wars"
    Presented at the Consciousness Technologies Conference, July 2001, Sisters, OR
    http://www.geocities.com/nwbotanicals1/oak/synthtele.html
Neural Behavior Modification, Brain Invasive Surveillance,
and Other Brain Interference Technologies
Control of Animals
Ethics of Neural Interference with Humans and Animals
Background - Neuroscience Institutes

Much of the research at these facilities is beneficial.
However, so that the public can understand how applied brain invasive
technologies could negatively affect the future of our world, it is
important to look at the whole picture of research.

It is also important to build a case for the need for legislation
to be put in place to protect against brain invasive technologies
being used without consent or knowledge. Because brain invasive technologies
are not always detectable or provable, the potential exists for criminal
researchers and rogue law enforcement to create a theater of our lives for
their own amusement or to silently persecute citizens with whom they
personally disagree.

Access to the brain is essentially access to the body and its functions.
For instance, someone could be driven to suicide or detrimental actions.
Wireless communications technologies in tandem with neural implants could
facilitate access to our minds.

Although there may be instances where neural implants could help people
with disabilities, to this author, an artist/writer with a disability, it appears
that people with disabilities are, in some cases, being used as an excuse
to develop very invasive research and that neither the public nor
the disability community are being adequately informed of the dangers of the
technologies being developed, of alternative approaches, or of the potential
criminal uses of these technologies.

It is important to remember that if neuro-technologies are being
abused it is not necessarily the inventors of the technologies who are actually
doing this. However, many of the researchers in this field have not adequately
communicated the import of their work. If researchers in this field believe that
socially acceptable benefits of neural technologies may be realized, it is vitally
important that they inform the public of the potential for misuse of these technologies,
as well as set in motion legislation to protect the public and to ensure that no
intelligence agencies, law enforcement or corporations have covert and/or moral
and socially unacceptable access to brain invasive technologies.

The fact that unscrupulous researchers in these fields have not adequately informed
the public of the dangers is a strong indication not only that the source of their
funding is all too often the very agencies that could abuse brain invasive technologies
but also that there are questions about whether or not the potential for abuse
outweighs the potential benefits.

Yet there is hope that if the public is adequately informed and protections
are in place, in the frontiers of neuroscience research there may indeed be
benefits for the disability community and for many others.
Neuroscience Technologies - Corporations
Psychological Warfare/Psychodrama
  • Mark Benjamin
    _"Psychological warfare -
    Angered that their professional organization has adopted a policy condoning
    psychologists' participation in "war on terror" interrogations, many
    psychologists are vowing to stage a battle royal at the APA's annual meeting."
    Salon, July 26, 2006
    http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2006/07/26/interrogation/index.html
    _"The CIA's torture teachers, Psychologists helped the CIA exploit a secret
    military program to develop brutal interrogation tactics -- likely with the
    approval of the Bush White House", Salon, June 21, 2007
    http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2007/06/21/cia_sere/index_np.html
    _"Psychologists to CIA: We condemn torture: In a rebuke
    of President Bush, the American Psychological Association has resolved to condemn
    brutal CIA and military interrogations", Salon, Aug. 15, 2007
    http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2007/08/15/apa_torture/
    _"Torture teachers, An Army document proves that Guantanamo interrogators
    were taught by instructors from a military school that trains U.S. soldiers how to resist
    torture." Salon, June 29, 2006
    http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2006/06/29/torture/index.html

  • Alston Chase, "Harvard and the Making of the Unabomber", The Atlantic Monthly,
    June 2000
    http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2000/06/chase.htm

  • Frank Kitson, Low Intensity Operations: Subversion, Insurgency, Peacekeeping.
    (Harrisburg PA: Stackpole Books, 1971; Natraj Publishers, 1992
    Control of populations is the subtext Kitson's Low Intensity Operations.

    The book is chilling in its lack of understanding of the moral and positive
    roles of protest, strikes, and the voices of a country's citizen's in
    a free country. However, it is instructive in understanding this British Army officer's mindset that
    had a pervasive influence on British attempts at covert control of whole populations
    -- as evidenced in the British treatment of Ireland -- as well as on covert actions by US
    intelligence agencies in South America and against American citizens. ("...it is in men's minds
    that wars of subversion have to be fought and decided." Kitson p. 31)

  • Nathan Leites and Charles Wolf, Jr., Rebellion and Authority,
    Chicago, Markham Publishing Company, 1970. A RAND Corporation Research Study

    Through anecdotes and unsubstantiated evidence, Leites and Wolf present a picture
    that advocates rational choice (hurting people so that they will conform)
    as opposed to constructive choice. (making life better for better)
    Given that Rand was influential in formulating Vietnam era policy,
    of particular interest is Chapter 6: "Inflicting Damage", pp 90-131.

  • "Milgram Experiment" -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Milgram (Wikipedia)

  • Scott Shane, "China Inspired Interrogations at Guantanamo",
    The New York Times, July 2, 2008
    http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/02/us/02detain.html?_r=2&hp=&pagewanted=all&oref=slogin

  • Stanford Prison Experiment
    http://www.prisonexp.org/

  • Carlo Prescott. "The lie of the Stanford Prison Experiment", Stanford Daily, April 28, 2005
    http://daily.stanford.edu/article/2005/4/28/theLieOfTheStanfordPrisonExperiment

  • Ron Robin, The Making of the Cold War Enemy, Princeton, NJ, Oxford,
    UK: Princeton University Press, 2001.

    Sets forth the work of many behavioral scientists who formulated
    the doctrines of "rational choice" and "repressive counterinsurgency"
    and advocated applying these strategies to civilian populations.
    See "The Political Significance of Coercive Counterinsurgency" pp. 201-205 in
    Chapter 9 "Vietnam - From 'Hearts and Minds' to Rational Choice".

  • "Yemeni describes CIA secret jails", BBC News, March 14, 2008
    http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7292974.stm
Weather : Use in Warfare

  • David M. Bearden, "Exemptions from Environmental Law for the
    Department of Defense An Overview of Congressional Action," CRS
    Report for Congress, May 16, 2005" --
    http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS22149.pdf
    (Federation of American Scientists website)

  • Michael Chossudovsky, "It's not only greenhouse gas emissions:
    Washington's new world order weapons have the ability to trigger climate change",
    December 8, 2000 --
    http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/27a/048.html (World History Archives website)

  • Michel Chossudovsky, "The Ultimate Weapon of Mass Destruction:
    'Owning the Weather' for Military Use", Centre for Research on
    Globalisation --
    http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/CHO409F.html

  • Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile
    Use of Environmental Modification Techniques    , Treaty Text,
    Signed in Geneva May 18, 1977, Entered into force October 5, 1978
    Ratification by U.S. President December 13, 1979 --
    http://www.state.gov/t/ac/trt/4783.htm (U. S. State Department Web Site)

  • Bob Fitrakis, "Chemtrails outlaw: The government says they don't exist,
    but Kucinich wants Congress to take action",
    Centre for Research on Globalisation --
    http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/FIT203Ap.html

  • Bob Fitrakis, "Weather Warefare",
    http://www.willthomas.net/Chemtrails/Articles/Weather_Warfare.htm (William Thomas website)

  • Scott Gilbert, "Environmental Warfare and US Foreign Policy:
    The Ultimate Weapon of Mass Destruction", Centre for Research on
    Globalisation --
    http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/GIL401A.html

  • Rosalind Peterson, "Controversial Experimental Weather Modification Bill
    in US Congress", Environmentalists Against the War, January 16, 2006
    http://www.envirosagainstwar.org/know/read.php?itemid=4122

  • "Secretary of Defense Reveals Earthquake and Volcano Weapons" --
    http://www.thememoryhole.org/mil/cohen-ecoweapons.htm
    (TheMemoryhole.com website)

    Includes transcript of DoD News Briefing
    Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen, Monday, April 28, 1997 in which
    he discusses "an eco- type of terrorism whereby they can alter the
    climate, set off earthquakes, volcanoes remotely through the use of
    electromagnetic waves." (Note that Cohen doesn't admit US development of these weapons.)

  • Col Tamzy J. House and others,
    "Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather in 2025", Air Force 2005, 1996 --
    http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/usaf/2025/v3c15/v3c15-1.htm
    (Federation of American Scientists website)

    In this revealing report, with little consideration for the citizens of our planet,
    the Air Force treats global weather as a battleground. In their words:
    "...weather-modification is a force multiplier with tremendous power
    that could be exploited across the full spectrum of war-fighting environments.
    From enhancing friendly operations or disrupting those of the enemy via
    small-scale tailoring of natural weather patterns to complete dominance of
    global communications and counter-space control, weather-modification offers
    the war fighter a wide-range of possible options to defeat or coerce an adversary..."
    History

  • Ronald B. Standler, "History and Problems in Weather Modification" --
    http://www.rbs2.com/w2.htm

    Among the events Standler cites are US Military ability to control the path
    of hurricanes and cause excessive rainfall

  • Nicholas Tesla -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla#Moving_in (Wikipedia)

    Review of Tesla's life and experiments which provides background on
    Scaler/Electromagnetic/Weather weapons.
Weather Interference

Spy Satellites

  • John C. Baker, Kevin M. O'Connell, and Ray A. Williamson, eds.
    Commercial Observation Satellites At the Leading Edge of Global
    Transparency    , RAND Monographs/Reports MR1229, 2001
    http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1229/

    This document gives an overview of global access to observation satellites
    and addresses the issues of "global transparency" that this has created, including
    potentially beneficial information, such as civilian access to information about nuclear
    buildup. The framing of "open skies" issues in the context of the rights of photographers
    and first amendment rights is important because advocates of privacy rights
    should be aware that these issues are also important.

    However, this report gives scant coverage to privacy rights, nor does it adequately address
    how private citizens could be protected from stalking and harassment by users of satellite
    data who spy on their lives and movements.

    The assumption of many of the contributors to this report -- that the use
    of observation satellites is, for better or worse, here to stay -- should be
    re-examined in terms of the importance to human beings of privacy and of
    the kind of world we want to live in the future.

  • William J.Broad, "Commercial Use of Spy Satellites to Begin;
    Private Ventures Hope for Profits", The New York Times, February 10, 1997 --
    http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/news/1997/civvy-spysats.html

  • Roger Guillemette, "Trio of NRO Spy Satellites to be Launched During
    Next Two Months" SPACE.com, September 6, 2001 --
    http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/nro_preview_010906.html

  • Links to Satellite and Space Imaging Sites --
    http://members.aol.com/landsatcd/MOREHTML/satlinks.html

  • Oliver Morton, "Private Spy - The world's spy satellites are
    going commercial and the national security control freaks are freaking out.
    Watch for the next big First Amendment battle over who can see what.
    And if you look up, smile.", Wired Magazine, 5:8, August, 1997 --
    http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/5.08/spy_pr.html

  • Dana Priest, "New Stealth Spy Satellite Debated on Hill",
    Washington Post, December 11, 2004 --
    http://globalsecurity.org/org/news/2004/041211-misty.htm (on globalsecurity.org website)

  • Kenneth Silber, "Analysts Expect Spy Satellite Number to Increase",
    Space.com, 13 September, 1999.
    http://www.space.com/news/spy_satellites.html

  • Robert Windrem, "Spy satellites enter new dimension, Computerized
    3-D simulations add perspective to surveillance", MSNBC News, August 8, 1998 --
    http://msnbc.msn.com/id/3077885/
The Altered Environment: Spy Robots
Weaponization of Space

  • Bruce Gagnon, "U.S. Seeking Control of the Earth Through Space Technology",
    12th Annual Peace Supper in Portland on February 8 --
    http://www.peaceactionme.org/feb3control.html

    "In their planning document called Vision for 2020, Space Command says
    the US will control space, will dominate space and that we (5% of the
    Earth's population) will become the masters of space. The patches
    on their uniforms say it already. Masters of Space!
    Imagine how that's going over around the world?"

  • Amy Pincus Merwin, "Planning for Whose Future?
    Bruce Gagnon on the complete nuclearization and weaponization of space",
    The Peaceworker (Oregon PeaceWorks),
    December, 2001- January 2002 --
    http://www.oregonpeaceworks.org/ site/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=549&Itemid=86
    History

  • Peter Goodchild, Edward Teller: the Real Dr. Strangelove,
    Harvard University Press, 2004.

  • Edward Teller -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Teller (Wikipedia)
  • New Surveillance Technologies

    The research listed here may be in many respects beneficial,
    and the listing of projects here is not meant to imply that the
    researchers themselves are advocating a surveillance society.
    Indeed, it is precisely because researchers are often not in a position
    to control "function creep" from their work that we the public should look at
    the long term consequences of research that could contribute to surveillance
    society.

    For instance, technology to scan grocery receipts and analyze purchases
    for nutritional content could be beneficial if used personally. But
    "function creep" from this research could create a situation --
    with overtones of a slave society -- where Insurance companies,
    the Armed Forces, and unethical doctors who spy on their patients
    for insurance companies, drug companies, and/or DARPA could easily spy
    on what everyone eats. Thus, it important to know that such research exists.
    Remote Control

    • "A Brief History of Precision Guided Weapons,"
      Twenty First Century Books --
      http://www.tfcbooks.com/articles/tws10.htm

    • Vannevar Bush, Modern Arms and Free Men, NY, Simon and Schuster, 1949 p. 72.
      Bush calls attention to the many different ways of implementing guidance systems
      that could be developed. "Suppose someone arbitrarily proposes to build a gadget having the
      following properties: it is to be mounted on an automobile and made to steer the car so that it
      will follow a white line on the roadway, to slow the car when the line turns blue, and perhaps
      to perform other bizarre functions." To his credit, Bush doesn't see an application for such a
      device, but if there were "dozens of ways of accomplishing it will be devised at once" he notes.

    • Markus Jaugitz, German Remote Control Tank Units 1940-1943,
      Atglen, PA: Schiffer, Military/Aviation History, 1996
    Surveillance and Harassment: NSA/Echelon
    Surveillance and Harassment: Military Intelligence
    Surveillance and Harassment - FBI
    • Stephan Alexander, Communazis, FBI Surveillance of German Emigre
      Writers       (Yale University Press, 2000)

      Disclosure of the continued FBI spying on German writers and artists
      who came to this country to escape Nazi persecution.

      In describing Alexander's book, Yale University Press notes that
      "Not only the FBI but also the Immigration and Naturalization Service,
      the House Un-American Activities Committee, and other
      agencies spied on the German emigres. Wiretaps were installed,
      mail was routinely opened and read, records of visitors were maintained.
      Searches--not always with legal warrants--were conducted, informants
      hired, and connections to exile writers established..."

    • Judi Bari
      http://www.judibari.org/
      __Judi Bari, "FBI Bomb School, and Other Atrocities",
      Redwood Summer Justice Project, October 19, 1994
      http://www.judibari.org/bomb-school.html

    • William P. Barrett, "Poetic Injustice - the FBI Files of the Poet
      John Ciardi", Adapted from The STAR-LEDGER, Newark, NJ, July 20, 1997 --
      http://members.aol.com/wmpb/NSLCiardi/

    • William P. Barrett, "The FBI Files of Georgia O'Keeffe",
      Crosswinds, July 1977 --
      http://members.aol.com/wmpb/CrossOkeeffe/

    • "Charlie Chaplin", "The Time 100" --
      http://www.time.com/time/time100/artists/profile/chaplin4.html

    • The Great Dictator, by Charlie Chaplin, Clown Ministry --
      http://www.clown-ministry.com/ Resources/chaplin/the-great-dictator-chaplin.html

    • "The Charlie Chaplin FBI File", Fade to Black Magazine
      -- http://www.fadetoblack.com/foi/charliechaplin/

    • Alex Constantine, The Covert War Against Rock, Feral House, 2000.
      http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail /-/092291561X/102-3224503-6092940?v=glance

    • Jonathan Dann, J. Michael Kennedy, "FBI Traitor, Robert Hanssen,
      Helped in Search for Subversives - Espionage: Even as he was selling secrets to the
      Soviets, Robert Hanssen was a supervisor in an '80s program to monitor U.S.
      anti-nuclear and peace activists.", Los Angeles Times, July 29, 2001 --
      http://www.ratical.org/ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/COINTELPRO80s.html
      (ratical.org - page down for story)

    • David Hilliard Eaton
      http://www.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/davidheaton.html
      (Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography)

    • FBI Freedom of Information Act Web Site -- http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/foiaindex.htm

      Commentary: A comparison of the Government whitewash of Nazi war criminal
      Arthur Rudolph with the FBI's continued harassing observation of writer
      Thomas Mann and union activist Cesar Chavez is particularly instructive.
      Rudolph was made Saturn Moon Rocket Project Director by NASA, and the FBI files
      repeatedly note: "...consider Rudolph reliable, trustworthy, adaptable, conscientious
      and potentially good loyal American..." But eventually Rudolph left
      this country rather than face charges for the murder of thousands of concentration
      camp workers.

      __Cesar Chavez and United Farm Workers -- http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/chavez.htm

      __Thomas Mann FBI File
      (removed from the FBI FOIA website since the last time I checked the
      links on this resource - JM)

      __Arthur Rudolph -- http://foia.fbi.gov/arudolph/arudolph1.pdf

    • "Former UC President Clark Kerr, a national leader in higher
      education, dies at 92", UC Berkeley News, December 2, 2003 --
      http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2003/12/02_kerr.shtml

    • Ross Gelbspan, Break-ins, Death Threats and the FBI, the Covert
      War Against the Central America Movement      , South End Press, 1991 --
      http://www.amazon.com/exec/ obidos/tg/detail/-/0896084124/qid=1118445182/sr=8-1/ref=sr_8_xs_ap_i1_xgl14/102-8599968-2690543?v=glance&s=books&n=507846

    • Coco Fusco, a/k/a Mrs. George Gilbert, video, 2004 --
      http://www.vdb.org/smackn.acgi$tapedetail?AKAMRSGEOR (Video Data Bank)

    • Allen Ginsberg's FBI File
      http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/g_l/ginsberg/fbi.htm (Modern American Poetry website)

      "...Ginsberg said that some of the papers in his file come from related
      customs and Treasury Department investigative bureaus. His file crisscrosses
      those of other writers. 'They include Leroi Jones, who was the victim of much
      more attack than people understand and, in that context, his anger
      is understandable,' Ginsberg said. 'Most people don't realize what he and
      other black literati have been through, assuming that all past injustices
      have been redressed or somehow disappeared out of mind...'"

    • Brian Glick, War at Home, Covert Action Against U.S. Activists and
      What We Can Do About It      , South End Press, 1989
      This book contains a useful section on "What We Can Do About Domestic
      Covert Action"

    • Hunter Gray, "Organizer 13" --
      http://www.hunterbear.org/organizer_13.htm

    • Fred Hampton -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Hampton (Wikipedia)

    • Margot Hornblower, "Socialists Win Damages, FBI Program of Disruption
      Ruled Unconstitutional", The Washington Post, August 26, 1986.

      The Post reports that the Court found that from 1960-1976
      the FBI planted 1,300 informers in the Socialist party and the
      Young Socialist Alliance; the informers were paid a total of $1.7 million.
      The Post notes that the Judge found that "During the 1960s one of 10
      members of the party were paid by the FBI and three of them ran for public office
      on the party's ticket...The FBI committed 193 burglaries, or 'black-bag jobs',
      and photographed or removed 9,864 documents..."

    • Dean Kuipers, "Busting the FBI The Judi Bari verdict bares government
      lies and deceit", LA Weekly, June 21 - 27, 2002

    • Edwin McDowell, "Articles Assert F.B.I. Often Watched Writers," The New York Times,
      September 30, 1987
      http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE4DE1F30F933A0575AC0A961948260

    • Judy Malloy, Revelations of Secret Surveillance, 2004 --
      http://www.well.com/user/jmalloy/gunterandgwen/titlepage.html

    • Herbert Mitgang, Dangerous Dossiers, Exposing the Secret War Against America's
      Greatest Authors      , NY, Donald Fine, 1988.

      Mitgang documents FBI and/or US Army Intelligence and CIA surveillance of writers
      and artists. Among the writers and artists who were spied on by the US Government were
      Sinclair Lewis, Pearl Buck, John Steinbeck, Ernest Hemingway, Alexander Calder,
      Thomas Mann, Carl Sandburg, Dorothy Parker, Nelson Algren, Thornton Wilder,
      Lillian Hellman, Truman Capote, and Georgia O'Keeffe. There were 356 pages of
      FBI files on novelist Dashiell Hammet and over 600 pages of FBI files on poet
      Archibald MacLeish.

    • Leonard Peltier Defense Committee --
      http://www.leonardpeltier.net/

    • Trey Popp, "Rage, in oil on canvas, Picasso's response to the
      pure evil of war still unnerves those who wage it",
      San Francisco Chronicle, November 28, 2004 -- (Review of Gijs van Hensbergen, Guernica, The Biography of a Twentieth-Century Icon,
      Bloomsbury, 2004) --
      http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/11/28/RVG3V9U7FN1.DTL

      "...Picasso's FBI file was as detailed and surreal as the some of the painter's Cubist compositions.
      A Republican congressman from Michigan, George Dondero, labeled him a dangerous subversive,
      declared avant-garde artists' collectives to be Communist cells and threatened that 'critics
      who support modern art should be attended to..."

    • Natalie Robins, Alien Ink: The FBI's War on Freedom of Expression,
      New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1993. p. 213

      Robins documents FBI surveillance of writers. Among the many writers who were spied
      on for years by the US Government were James Agee, Allen Ginsberg, Ernest Hemingway,
      John Cheever, Randall Jarrell, William Carlos Williams, Marianne Moore, Muriel Rukeyser,
      Langston Hughes, James Thurber, Kay Boyle and Mark Van Doren. There were at least
      1,429 pages in novelist James Baldwin's FBI file.

    • Seth Rosenfeld, "Ex-UC chief calls FBI actions despicable"
      Clark Kerr reacts to Chronicle report on bureau misdeeds",
      San Francisco Chronicle -- http://www.sfgate.com/ cgi-bin/artbicle.cgi?file=/c/a/2002/06/10/MN64831.DTL

    • Seth Rosenfeld, "Mario Savio's FBI Odyssey", San Francisco Chronicle,
      October 10, 2004 -- http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/ article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/10/10/CMGP08OOFI1.DTL

    • Seth Rosenfeld, "Reagan, Hoover, and the UC Red Scare",
      Chronicle Special Report, San Francisco Chronicle --
      http://sfgate.com/news/special/pages/2002/campusfiles/

    • Jack Ryan -- http://www.giraffe.org/hero_Ryan.html (Profiles of Giraffe Heroes)

    • Jean Seberg
      http://www.saintjean.co.uk/politics.htm

      FBI fabricates story about Seberg's pregnancy and then publicizes their lie

      Jean Seberg, Actress, November 13, 1938 - September 08, 1979
      http://www.obituariestoday.com/ Obituaries/ObitShow.cfm?Obituary_ID=28655§ion=pin

    • "Serrano Sends FBI Files with New FUPI Documents" --
      http://www.cipdc.org/serranodocs.htm

      "'It is only fitting that these documents be delivered to Puerto Rico
      where many of these activities took place, where it has been known that
      the FBI targeted professors, university students, and so many others.'"

    • "John Steinbeck FBI Files" -- http://www.paperlessarchives.com/steinbeck.html

      Commentary: An example of FBI spending taxpayer's money on literary criticism focused
      on how the Bureau was portrayed. It is disgraceful that this country has provided funding
      for the FBI to stalk artists, while government funding for artists and for publicly documenting
      our culture by arts professionals has been won with difficulty.

    • Anthony Summers, Official and Confidential,
      The Secret Life of J. Edgar Hoover      , NY, G.P.Putnam's, 1993.

    • M. Wesley Swearingen, FBI Secrets, An Agent's Expose, Boston,
      MA: South End Press, 1995.

    • U.S. Senate, "Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans",
      Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with
      Respect to Intelligence, U.S. Senate, 94th Congress, end Session, 1976
      (The Church Committee)-- (Paul Wolf's Cointelpro Website)
      http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm (Paul Wolf's Cointelpro Website)

      Includes Church Committee reports on "Intelligence Activities and the Rights
      of Americans".

      The following is part of Church Committee findings on "Using Covert Action
      to Disrupt and Discredit Domestic Groups":

      "The Committee finds that covert action programs have been used to disrupt
      the lawful political activities of individual Americans and groups and to
      discredit them, using dangerous and degrading tactics which are abhorrent
      in a free and decent society.

      Subfindings

      (a) Although the claimed purposes of these action programs were to protect
      the national security and to prevent violence, many of the victims were concededly
      nonviolent, were not controlled by a foreign power, and posed no threat to the national
      security.

      (b)The acts taken interfered with the First Amendment rights of citizens.
      They were explicitly intended to deter citizens from joining groups,
      "neutralize" those who were already members, and prevent or inhibit the
      expression of ideas.

      (c) The tactics used against Americans often risked and sometimes caused serious emotional,
      economic, or physical damage. Actions were taken which were designed to break up marriages,
      terminate funding or employment, and encourage gang warfare between violent rival groups.
      Due process of law forbids the use of such covert tactics, whether the victims are
      innocent law-abiding citizens or members of groups suspected of involvement in violence.

      (d) The sustained use of such tactics by the FBI in an attempt to
      destroy Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., violated the law and fundamental human decency."

    • David A. Vise, The Bureau and the Mole, the Unmasking of Robert Philip Hanssen,
      the Most Dangerous Double Agent in FBI History      , NY, Atlantic Monthly Press, 2002.

    • David Whitehouse, "FBI campaign against Einstein revealed",
      BBC News, 8 June, 2002 --
      http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2033324.stm
      (review of Fred Jerome, "The Einstein File", NY, St Martin's Press)

    • John Wiener, Gimme Some Truth: The John Lennon FBI Files,
      University of California Press, 1999.

      The value of the Freedom of Information Act and the way the "culture of secrecy"
      undermines democracy are underscored in this account of Wiener's difficulty
      in obtaining FBI and CIA files that revealed spying for political motives on John Lennon.
      The role of Britain's M15 in suppressing this information is also discussed.
      There is an associated website:
      John Lennon FBI Files -- http://www.lennonfbifiles.com

    • Jon Wiener, "Lennon's MI5-FBI Files", The Nation, February 23, 2000 --
      http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20000313&s=wiener

    • Nicholas Wilson, "The Judi Bari Bombing Revisited; Big Timber,
      Public Relations and the FBI", Monitor Publishing --
      http://www.monitor.net/monitor/9905a/jbrevisited.html

      "The jury clearly found that six of the seven FBI and OPD defendants
      framed Judi and Darryl in an effort to crush Earth First! and chill
      participation in Redwood Summer. That was evident in the fact that 80%
      of the $4.4 million total damage award was for violation of their
      First Amendment rights to speak out and organize politically
      in defense of the forests.
    Surveillance and Harassment - FBI - 2000- Infiltration - The OSS

    • Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero: Wild Bill Donovan,
      NY: Times Books, 1982.

    • Carey, Frank, "It's Anthropologists' Plan To Prevent Future Wars",
      The Washington Post, April 19, 1942.

      Carleton S. Coon, Harvard, Conrad M. Arensberg, Brooklyn College, and Eliot D. Chapple, Harvard
      Medical School and President of the Society for Applied Anthropology propose
      a "United States of the World" with a world police force that would control
      the whole federation. The proposal would seem merely ludicrous
      but for the fact that subsequently Carleton Coon was chosen by "Wild Bill"
      Donovan as an agent of the fledging OSS.(that later became the CIA)
      Anthony Cave Brown (Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero: Wild Bill Donovan,
      NY: Times Books, 1982, pp. 269-270) quotes a memo from Coon to Donovan in which
      Coon not only advocates political assassination but also suggests that a group
      of men be chosen for this purpose from the OSS and the British SOE.

      One of the other men who proposed this global police state (couched in idealistic language) was
      Eliot Chapple, an early brain wave researcher. See Waldemar Kaempffert, "Science in the News: Brain
      Waves", The New York Times, July 7, 1940 for a report of Eliot Chapple's use of brain
      wave recordings in the study of relationships.

    • Richard Harris Smith, OSS, The Secret History of America's First Central
      Intelligence Agency      , Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press, 2005

      An impressive and detailed history of OSS operations that contributes greatly
      to an understanding of the devious and counterproductive operations now controlled
      by the management of OSS successor, the Central Intelligence Agency
    Surveillance and Harassment - CIA
      A CIA Reading List -- http://www.serendipity.li/cia/cia_bibl.html#weinstein (Serendipity website)

    • Bob Egelko, "Enough evidence for trial of CIA drugging",
      San Francisco Chronicle, May 25, 2004 --
      http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/ article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/05/25/BAGMH6R8OU1.DTL

    • Allen Ginsberg
      "CIA Dope Calypso' -- http://mediafilter.org/MFF/CIA_Dope_Calypso.html

    • Sidney Gottlieb
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Gottlieb (Wikipedia)

    • Seymour M. Hersh, "Huge C.I.A. Operation Reported in U.S. Against
      AntiWar Forces, Other Dissidents in Nixon Years, Helms Reportedly Got
      Surveillance Data in Charter Violation", The New York Times,
      December 22, 1974.

    • "Mind-Control Studies Had Origins in Trial of Mindszenty", New
      York Times      , August 2, 1977. p. 16

      "...The C.I.A. men who led the way, enlisting the support of the Army,
      the Navy, the Air Force, the Departments of Agriculture, Health, Education and
      Welfare and several other agencies, acknowledged among themselves that much of
      what they were setting out to do was 'unethical', bordered on the illegal and would be
      repugnant to the American people. So they made certain that these activities were tightly
      held, known only to the director, Allen W. Dulles, and a handful of operatives and
      high-ranking aides...."

    • MKULTRA Documents --
      http://www.parascope.com/ds/mkultradocs.htm (parascope website)

      Although not all the links on this site are working,
      but the ones that are very revealing as regards the agency's development of
      substances and tricks to cause impulsive behavior, to enhance the effects of alcohol;
      to produce amnesia; to produce pain and numbness; to produce anxiety; and to alter
      people's environment by displacing objects.

    • MK-Ultra: The CIA and Radiation Interim Report of the Advisory Committee
      on Human Radiation Experiments Appendix, pp. E-1.1 to 1.6 (on EarthOps website)--
      http://earthops.org/mk_ultra.html

      "CIA documents and a 1963 CIA Inspector General (IG) report however state
      quite clearly that MKULTRA was a program 'concerned with research and development
      of chemical. biological. and radiological materials capable
      of employment in clandestine operations to control human behavior.'"

    • National Security Archive, "The CIA's Family Jewels;
      Agency Violated Charter for 25 Years,
      Wiretapped Journalists and Dissidents", June 27, 2007
      http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB222/index.htm

    • National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 2, The Contras,
      Cocaine,and Covert Operations --
      http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB2/nsaebb2.htm

    • Frank Olson Legacy Project --
      http://www.frankolsonproject.org/index.html

    • Robert Parry, "How John Kerry Exposed the Contra-Cocaine Scandal",
      Salon.com, October 25 2004 --
      http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2004/10/25/contra/index_np.html

    • Dana Priest, "CIA Is Expanding Domestic Operations, More Offices,
      More Agents With FBI", Washington Post, October 23, 2002

    • "Professor McCoy Exposes the History of CIA Interrogation, From the Cold War
      to the War on Terror", Democracy Now, February 17th, 2006 --
      http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06/02/17/1522228

    • Peter Dale Scott, Drugs, Oil, and War: The United States in Afghanistan,
      Colombia, and Indochina      , Rowman & Littlefield, 2003
      Preface -- http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~pdscott/dowpref.html

      Frances Stonor Saunders' in The Cultural Cold War,
      The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters      , NY: The New Press, 1999.
      published in the UK< as Who Paid the Piper? The CIA and the Cultural
      Cold War      , Granta, 1999)

    • Gary Webb, Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack
      Cocaine Explosion      , Seven Stories Press, 1999 --
      http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ ASIN/1888363932/qid=1091559832/sr=2-1/ref=sr_2_1/104-1096280-5293536

    • Wicker, Tom, "The Truth is Needed", The New York Times,
      December 24, 1974.

      "...Congress, the White House, the American people have been assured
      repeatedly that the C.I.A., barred by law from any operations within the United States, does
      not conduct such operations. Now The New York Times has published strong allegations
      that the agency did just that -- and these allegations are supported by Mr. Ford's
      [President Ford] refusal to say that internal surveillances had not been carried on in the
      past, and by his concession that he had some of the information in The Times' article
      before it appeared..."
    Surveillance - Civilian Government Agencies
    Surveillance - State and City