At a time when technologies of
surveillance and control -- such as
brain scanning, mind-body control,
wireless remote control, and
high-power ultrasound -- are
developed with government
funds in semi-secret, it is
important that we understand
their potential for intrusion
on the lives of human beings
and animals.

Yet it is difficult to ask for
ethical consideration of
the use of technologies that
we have not been informed of
or do not understand.

Remembering the example of
dedicated investigation and
code breaking -- set by many
men and women who were
intelligence agents in
World War II, and in
conjunction with the
fictional poetic narrative
Revelations of Secret Surveillance,
the references set forth here
look at the potential for
technology-mediated
surveillance and repression.
In memory of Jerzy Witold Rózycki,
Piotr Smolenski, Jan Gralinski,
and François Lane, Polish
codebreakers working on
deconstructing the Enigma and
the French officer accompanying
them, who died when the ship
carrying them between France
and Algeria went down on
January 9, 1942, the exact day
I was born.
.......................... Judy Malloy
Systems of Surveillance

An information resource created in conjunction with
Revelations of Secret Surveillance
"Non-Lethal" Weapons; Brain Interference Technologies; the Altered Environment

Surveillance of Civilians

Background: Covert Total War; Human Experimentation
"Non-Lethal" Weapons; Brain Interference Technologies; the Altered Environment Surveillance of Civilians
Background - Covert Total War; Human Experimentation
"Nonlethal Weapons"
Brain Scanning
Mind-Body Control

  • Ingfei Chen, "The Beam of Light That Flips a Switch That Turns on the Brain",
    The New York Times, August 14, 2007
    http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/14/science/14brai.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&ref=science&pagewanted=print

  • Brian L. Day, "Galvanic vestibular stimulation: new uses for an
    old tool" The Journal of Physiology 517.3, 1999p. 631 --
    http://jp.physoc.org/cgi/content/full/517/3/631

  • Barnaby J. Feder, "A Heart Device Is Found Vulnerable to Hacker Attacks", The New York Times,
    March 12, 2008
    http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/12/business/12heart-web.html?_r=1&oref=slogin

  • Douglas Fox, "Remote control brains: a neuroscience revolution",
    New Scientist, July 18, 2007 http://www.newscientist.com/channel/health/mg19526131.400-remote-control-brains-a-neuroscience-revolution.html

  • Michael Graziano, "How Does The Brain Control Movement?",
    Princeton University, CASE STUDY "How Does The Brain Control Movement?"
    http://weblamp.princeton.edu/~psych/psychology/research/graziano/case.php

  • Richard Gray, "Mind control", scotsman.com, July 16, 2006

  • Leah Hoffmann, "Remote-Controlled Humans", Forbes, August 4, 2005
    http://www.forbes.com/2005/08/04/technology-remote-control-humans_cx_lh_0804remotehuman.html

  • Yuri Kageyama, "A remote control that controls humans;
    Headset sends electricity through head, forcing wearer to move" MSNBC, Oct 25, 2005--
    http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9816703/

  • Jonathan D. Moreno, Mind Wars, Brain Research and National Defense,
    NY, NY; Washington, DC: Dana Press, 2006.

    With an emphasis on DARPA funding, Jonathan Moreno's Mind Wars,
    Brain Research and National Defense     provides an overview of brain invasive
    technologies that include the neuro-control of animals, brain fingerprinting,
    "building better soldiers" (his terminology) and nonlethal weapons.

    In a section entitled "No Pain No Gain", (pp. 153-154) Moreno discusses covert pain-inducing
    devices, including the ADS ("active-denial" system) that uses microwave beams and nociceptor
    stimulation that uses pulsed energy projectiles.(PEPS)

    In the context of pain-inducing weapons testing, the author suggests that calling human
    experiments "field trials", in order to circumvent human experiment ethics is acceptable.

    And in a chilling segment, he observes that seemingly the military considers that if doctors
    are not in charge, such tests could be considered a "field trial" rather than a human
    experiment.

    Speaking of cold war tests in which soldiers and sailors were
    purposefully exposed to Atomic bomb and chemical nerve agents, he writes:
    "One can argue whether there was deliberate duplicity on the part of
    military officials in these cases or not, but I don't think so. In fact,
    it's often not easy to tell the difference between developing a new
    device or training for a new situation and conducting a human experiment." (p. 157)

    Moreno's claim to be in the middle of the ethical debate on the use of mind
    invasive technologies is also belied by, among other things, his unethical advocacy
    for Augcog enhancements on soldiers: "Soldiers aren't normally asked for their
    informed consent before accepting what their command regards as the best preparation
    for battle. If the question is purely a moral one, than it's difficult to see why
    these AugCog enhancements should be regarded differently from anything else a soldier
    can be legally ordered to do." (p. 53)

    On the whole, the book seems to be a DARPA whitewash. Furthermore, Moreno does not
    adequately document the potential for technologies that allow access to the brain
    to be used to access human minds in order to cause pain nor does the book provide adequate
    coverage of synthetic telemetry research. Nevertheless, Mind Wars does at least raise ethics
    issues, and because there are few book length overviews of military neuroscience, the book is
    a contribution to the literature -- providing cogent evidence that there is a concerted Department
    of Defense research agenda in neuro-technologies.

  • "Pilot Study of Mind-to-Movement Device Shows Early Promise", Brown
    News Service -- http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2004-05/04-035.html

  • David F. Salisbury, "Complex behaviors could be `hard-wired' in
    the primate brain, Neuroscientists have identified an area called the
    primary motor cortex which, when stimulated, triggers simple muscle
    movements, Vanderbilt Register, March 28, 2005 --
    http://www.vanderbilt.edu/register/articles?id=18495

  • "SNRI study on pain transduction receptor is featured cover
    article in scientific journal" - Stark Neurosciences Research
    Institute,(Dr. Gerry Oxford et al.)

  • Elizabeth A. Thomson, "Monkey Controls Robotic Arm Using Brain
    Signals Sent Over the Internet, MIT News Service", December 6, 2000 --
    http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2000/monkeys-1206.html

    This experiment in mind-body control -- involving implanting
    electrodes in monkey's brains -- was performed by scientists
    at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina, MIT,
    and the State University of New York (SUNY) Health Science Center.
    Questions that should be asked are: What control would this give
    researchers over the minds of people with disabilities?
    What are the protections for patients from the potential that
    researchers who interfere with animal minds will also think their
    research priorities allow them to interfere with human minds and/or
    make decisions for patients without consulting them?
    Could this technology be used in "virtual commander" situations
    where the men and women in our armed forces could be controlled
    in battlefield situations.

    Note also that the 600 mile range of brain control demonstrated
    could allow unethical researchers to utilize these technologies
    across State borders.

    This research was sponsored by the National Institutes of Health,
    the National Science Foundation, the Defense Advanced Research Projects
    Agency, and the Office of Naval Research.
    History

  • Vannevar Bush
    "As We May Think", The Atlantic Monthly, July 1945 --
    http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/jod/texts/vannevar.bush.html

    In this alternately brilliant (the Memex, for instance)
    and chilling/sexist article, Bush advocates mind-body control.
    Bush was Director of the Office of Scientific Researchduring World
    War II, oversaw the Manhattan Project and was a key figure in the
    formation of the Military Industrial and Academic Complex.
Mind-Body Control: Virtual Soldiers/Control of Soldiers
Government Funded Research into the Control of Humans
  • Mihail C. Roco and William Sims Bainbridge, National Science Foundation
    "Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance", Arlington, VA;
    The National Science Foundation and the US Department of Commerce, June, 2002
    http://www.technology.gov/reports/2002/NBIC/Part1.pdf
Mind-Body Control - Sexual Stimulation and Love
Voice to Skull/Interactive Brain Communication
Neural Behavior Modification, Brain Invasive Surveillance,
and Other Brain Interference Technologies
Control of Animals
Ethics of Neural Interference with Humans and Animals
Background - Neuroscience Institutes

Much of the research at these facilities is beneficial.
However, so that the public can understand how applied brain invasive
technologies could negatively affect the future of our world, it is
important to look at the whole picture of research.

It is also important to build a case for the need for legislation
to be put in place to protect against brain invasive technologies
being used without consent or knowledge. Because brain invasive technologies
are not always detectable or provable, the potential exists for criminal
researchers and rogue law enforcement to create a theater of our lives for
their own amusement or to silently persecute citizens with whom they
personally disagree.

Access to the brain is essentially access to the body and its functions.
For instance, someone could be driven to suicide or detrimental actions.
Wireless communications technologies in tandem with neural implants could
facilitate access to our minds.

Although there may be instances where neural implants could help people
with disabilities, to this author, an artist/writer with a disability, it appears
that people with disabilities are, in some cases, being used as an excuse
to develop very invasive research and that neither the public nor
the disability community are being adequately informed of the dangers of the
technologies being developed, of alternative approaches, or of the potential
criminal uses of these technologies.

It is important to remember that if neuro-technologies are being
abused it is not necessarily the inventors of the technologies who are actually
doing this. However, many of the researchers in this field have not adequately
communicated the import of their work. If researchers in this field believe that
socially acceptable benefits of neural technologies may be realized, it is vitally
important that they inform the public of the potential for misuse of these technologies,
as well as set in motion legislation to protect the public and to ensure that no
intelligence agencies, law enforcement or corporations have covert and/or moral
and socially unacceptable access to brain invasive technologies.

The fact that unscrupulous researchers in these fields have not adequately informed
the public of the dangers is a strong indication not only that the source of their
funding is all too often the very agencies that could abuse brain invasive technologies
but also that there are questions about whether or not the potential for abuse
outweighs the potential benefits.

Yet there is hope that if the public is adequately informed and protections
are in place, in the frontiers of neuroscience research there may indeed be
benefits for the disability community and for many others.
Neuroscience Technologies - Corporations
Psychological Warfare/Psychodrama
  • Mark Benjamin
    _"Psychological warfare -
    Angered that their professional organization has adopted a policy condoning
    psychologists' participation in "war on terror" interrogations, many
    psychologists are vowing to stage a battle royal at the APA's annual meeting."
    Salon, July 26, 2006
    http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2006/07/26/interrogation/index.html
    _"The CIA's torture teachers, Psychologists helped the CIA exploit a secret
    military program to develop brutal interrogation tactics -- likely with the
    approval of the Bush White House", Salon, June 21, 2007
    http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2007/06/21/cia_sere/index_np.html
    _"Psychologists to CIA: We condemn torture: In a rebuke
    of President Bush, the American Psychological Association has resolved to condemn
    brutal CIA and military interrogations", Salon, Aug. 15, 2007
    http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2007/08/15/apa_torture/
    _"Torture teachers, An Army document proves that Guantanamo interrogators
    were taught by instructors from a military school that trains U.S. soldiers how to resist
    torture." Salon, June 29, 2006
    http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2006/06/29/torture/index.html

  • Alston Chase, "Harvard and the Making of the Unabomber", The Atlantic Monthly,
    June 2000
    http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2000/06/chase.htm

  • Frank Kitson, Low Intensity Operations: Subversion, Insurgency, Peacekeeping.
    (Harrisburg PA: Stackpole Books, 1971; Natraj Publishers, 1992
    Control of populations is the subtext Kitson's Low Intensity Operations.

    The book is chilling in its lack of understanding of the moral and positive
    roles of protest, strikes, and the voices of a country's citizen's in
    a free country. However, it is instructive in understanding this British Army officer's mindset that
    had a pervasive influence on British attempts at covert control of whole populations
    -- as evidenced in the British treatment of Ireland -- as well as on covert actions by US
    intelligence agencies in South America and against American citizens. ("...it is in men's minds
    that wars of subversion have to be fought and decided." Kitson p. 31)

  • Nathan Leites and Charles Wolf, Jr., Rebellion and Authority,
    Chicago, Markham Publishing Company, 1970. A RAND Corporation Research Study

    Through anecdotes and unsubstantiated evidence, Leites and Wolf present a picture
    that advocates rational choice (hurting people so that they will conform)
    as opposed to constructive choice. (making life better for better)
    Given that Rand was influential in formulating Vietnam era policy,
    of particular interest is Chapter 6: "Inflicting Damage", pp 90-131.

  • "Milgram Experiment" -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Milgram (Wikipedia)

  • Scott Shane, "China Inspired Interrogations at Guantanamo",
    The New York Times, July 2, 2008
    http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/02/us/02detain.html?_r=2&hp=&pagewanted=all&oref=slogin

  • Stanford Prison Experiment
    http://www.prisonexp.org/

  • Carlo Prescott. "The lie of the Stanford Prison Experiment", Stanford Daily, April 28, 2005
    http://daily.stanford.edu/article/2005/4/28/theLieOfTheStanfordPrisonExperiment

  • Ron Robin, The Making of the Cold War Enemy, Princeton, NJ, Oxford,
    UK: Princeton University Press, 2001.

    Sets forth the work of many behavioral scientists who formulated
    the doctrines of "rational choice" and "repressive counterinsurgency"
    and advocated applying these strategies to civilian populations.
    See "The Political Significance of Coercive Counterinsurgency" pp. 201-205 in
    Chapter 9 "Vietnam - From 'Hearts and Minds' to Rational Choice".

  • "Yemeni describes CIA secret jails", BBC News, March 14, 2008
    http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7292974.stm
Weather : Use in Warfare

  • David M. Bearden, "Exemptions from Environmental Law for the
    Department of Defense An Overview of Congressional Action," CRS
    Report for Congress, May 16, 2005" --
    http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS22149.pdf
    (Federation of American Scientists website)

  • Michael Chossudovsky, "It's not only greenhouse gas emissions:
    Washington's new world order weapons have the ability to trigger climate change",
    December 8, 2000 --
    http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/27a/048.html (World History Archives website)

  • Michel Chossudovsky, "The Ultimate Weapon of Mass Destruction:
    'Owning the Weather' for Military Use", Centre for Research on
    Globalisation --
    http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/CHO409F.html

  • Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile
    Use of Environmental Modification Techniques    , Treaty Text,
    Signed in Geneva May 18, 1977, Entered into force October 5, 1978
    Ratification by U.S. President December 13, 1979 --
    http://www.state.gov/t/ac/trt/4783.htm (U. S. State Department Web Site)

  • Bob Fitrakis, "Chemtrails outlaw: The government says they don't exist,
    but Kucinich wants Congress to take action",
    Centre for Research on Globalisation --
    http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/FIT203Ap.html

  • Bob Fitrakis, "Weather Warefare",
    http://www.willthomas.net/Chemtrails/Articles/Weather_Warfare.htm (William Thomas website)

  • Scott Gilbert, "Environmental Warfare and US Foreign Policy:
    The Ultimate Weapon of Mass Destruction", Centre for Research on
    Globalisation --
    http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/GIL401A.html

  • Rosalind Peterson, "Controversial Experimental Weather Modification Bill
    in US Congress", Environmentalists Against the War, January 16, 2006
    http://www.envirosagainstwar.org/know/read.php?itemid=4122

  • "Secretary of Defense Reveals Earthquake and Volcano Weapons" --
    http://www.thememoryhole.org/mil/cohen-ecoweapons.htm
    (TheMemoryhole.com website)

    Includes transcript of DoD News Briefing
    Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen, Monday, April 28, 1997 in which
    he discusses "an eco- type of terrorism whereby they can alter the
    climate, set off earthquakes, volcanoes remotely through the use of
    electromagnetic waves." (Note that Cohen doesn't admit US development of these weapons.)

  • Col Tamzy J. House and others,
    "Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather in 2025", Air Force 2005, 1996 --
    http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/usaf/2025/v3c15/v3c15-1.htm
    (Federation of American Scientists website)

    In this revealing report, with little consideration for the citizens of our planet,
    the Air Force treats global weather as a battleground. In their words:
    "...weather-modification is a force multiplier with tremendous power
    that could be exploited across the full spectrum of war-fighting environments.
    From enhancing friendly operations or disrupting those of the enemy via
    small-scale tailoring of natural weather patterns to complete dominance of
    global communications and counter-space control, weather-modification offers
    the war fighter a wide-range of possible options to defeat or coerce an adversary..."
    History

  • Ronald B. Standler, "History and Problems in Weather Modification" --
    http://www.rbs2.com/w2.htm

    Among the events Standler cites are US Military ability to control the path
    of hurricanes and cause excessive rainfall

  • Nicholas Tesla -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla#Moving_in (Wikipedia)

    Review of Tesla's life and experiments which provides background on
    Scaler/Electromagnetic/Weather weapons.
Weather Interference

Spy Satellites

  • John C. Baker, Kevin M. O'Connell, and Ray A. Williamson, eds.
    Commercial Observation Satellites At the Leading Edge of Global
    Transparency    , RAND Monographs/Reports MR1229, 2001
    http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1229/

    This document gives an overview of global access to observation satellites
    and addresses the issues of "global transparency" that this has created, including
    potentially beneficial information, such as civilian access to information about nuclear
    buildup. The framing of "open skies" issues in the context of the rights of photographers
    and first amendment rights is important because advocates of privacy rights
    should be aware that these issues are also important.

    However, this report gives scant coverage to privacy rights, nor does it adequately address
    how private citizens could be protected from stalking and harassment by users of satellite
    data who spy on their lives and movements.

    The assumption of many of the contributors to this report -- that the use
    of observation satellites is, for better or worse, here to stay -- should be
    re-examined in terms of the importance to human beings of privacy and of
    the kind of world we want to live in the future.

  • William J.Broad, "Commercial Use of Spy Satellites to Begin;
    Private Ventures Hope for Profits", The New York Times, February 10, 1997 --
    http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/news/1997/civvy-spysats.html

  • Roger Guillemette, "Trio of NRO Spy Satellites to be Launched During
    Next Two Months" SPACE.com, September 6, 2001 --
    http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/nro_preview_010906.html

  • Links to Satellite and Space Imaging Sites --
    http://members.aol.com/landsatcd/MOREHTML/satlinks.html

  • Oliver Morton, "Private Spy - The world's spy satellites are
    going commercial and the national security control freaks are freaking out.
    Watch for the next big First Amendment battle over who can see what.
    And if you look up, smile.", Wired Magazine, 5:8, August, 1997 --
    http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/5.08/spy_pr.html

  • Dana Priest, "New Stealth Spy Satellite Debated on Hill",
    Washington Post, December 11, 2004 --
    http://globalsecurity.org/org/news/2004/041211-misty.htm (on globalsecurity.org website)

  • Kenneth Silber, "Analysts Expect Spy Satellite Number to Increase",
    Space.com, 13 September, 1999.
    http://www.space.com/news/spy_satellites.html

  • Robert Windrem, "Spy satellites enter new dimension, Computerized
    3-D simulations add perspective to surveillance", MSNBC News, August 8, 1998 --
    http://msnbc.msn.com/id/3077885/
The Altered Environment: Spy Robots
Weaponization of Space

  • Bruce Gagnon, "U.S. Seeking Control of the Earth Through Space Technology",
    12th Annual Peace Supper in Portland on February 8 --
    http://www.peaceactionme.org/feb3control.html

    "In their planning document called Vision for 2020, Space Command says
    the US will control space, will dominate space and that we (5% of the
    Earth's population) will become the masters of space. The patches
    on their uniforms say it already. Masters of Space!
    Imagine how that's going over around the world?"

  • Amy Pincus Merwin, "Planning for Whose Future?
    Bruce Gagnon on the complete nuclearization and weaponization of space",
    The Peaceworker (Oregon PeaceWorks),
    December, 2001- January 2002 --
    http://www.oregonpeaceworks.org/ site/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=549&Itemid=86
    History

  • Peter Goodchild, Edward Teller: the Real Dr. Strangelove,
    Harvard University Press, 2004.

  • Edward Teller -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Teller (Wikipedia)
  • New Surveillance Technologies

    The research listed here may be in many respects beneficial,
    and the listing of projects here is not meant to imply that the
    researchers themselves are advocating a surveillance society.
    Indeed, it is precisely because researchers are often not in a position
    to control "function creep" from their work that we the public should look at
    the long term consequences of research that could contribute to surveillance
    society.

    For instance, technology to scan grocery receipts and analyze purchases
    for nutritional content could be beneficial if used personally. But
    "function creep" from this research could create a situation --
    with overtones of a slave society -- where Insurance companies,
    the Armed Forces, and unethical doctors who spy on their patients
    for insurance companies, drug companies, and/or DARPA could easily spy
    on what everyone eats. Thus, it important to know that such research exists.
    Remote Control

    • "A Brief History of Precision Guided Weapons,"
      Twenty First Century Books --
      http://www.tfcbooks.com/articles/tws10.htm

    • Vannevar Bush, Modern Arms and Free Men, NY, Simon and Schuster, 1949 p. 72.
      Bush calls attention to the many different ways of implementing guidance systems
      that could be developed. "Suppose someone arbitrarily proposes to build a gadget having the
      following properties: it is to be mounted on an automobile and made to steer the car so that it
      will follow a white line on the roadway, to slow the car when the line turns blue, and perhaps
      to perform other bizarre functions." To his credit, Bush doesn't see an application for such a
      device, but if there were "dozens of ways of accomplishing it will be devised at once" he notes.

    • Markus Jaugitz, German Remote Control Tank Units 1940-1943,
      Atglen, PA: Schiffer, Military/Aviation History, 1996
    Surveillance and Harassment: NSA/Echelon
    Surveillance and Harassment: Military Intelligence
    Surveillance and Harassment - FBI
    • Stephan Alexander, Communazis, FBI Surveillance of German Emigre
      Writers       (Yale University Press, 2000)

      Disclosure of the continued FBI spying on German writers and artists
      who came to this country to escape Nazi persecution.

      In describing Alexander's book, Yale University Press notes that
      "Not only the FBI but also the Immigration and Naturalization Service,
      the House Un-American Activities Committee, and other
      agencies spied on the German emigres. Wiretaps were installed,
      mail was routinely opened and read, records of visitors were maintained.
      Searches--not always with legal warrants--were conducted, informants
      hired, and connections to exile writers established..."

    • Judi Bari
      http://www.judibari.org/
      __Judi Bari, "FBI Bomb School, and Other Atrocities",
      Redwood Summer Justice Project, October 19, 1994
      http://www.judibari.org/bomb-school.html

    • William P. Barrett, "Poetic Injustice - the FBI Files of the Poet
      John Ciardi", Adapted from The STAR-LEDGER, Newark, NJ, July 20, 1997 --
      http://members.aol.com/wmpb/NSLCiardi/

    • William P. Barrett, "The FBI Files of Georgia O'Keeffe",
      Crosswinds, July 1977 --
      http://members.aol.com/wmpb/CrossOkeeffe/

    • "Charlie Chaplin", "The Time 100" --
      http://www.time.com/time/time100/artists/profile/chaplin4.html

    • The Great Dictator, by Charlie Chaplin, Clown Ministry --
      http://www.clown-ministry.com/ Resources/chaplin/the-great-dictator-chaplin.html

    • "The Charlie Chaplin FBI File", Fade to Black Magazine
      -- http://www.fadetoblack.com/foi/charliechaplin/

    • Alex Constantine, The Covert War Against Rock, Feral House, 2000.
      http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail /-/092291561X/102-3224503-6092940?v=glance

    • Jonathan Dann, J. Michael Kennedy, "FBI Traitor, Robert Hanssen,
      Helped in Search for Subversives - Espionage: Even as he was selling secrets to the
      Soviets, Robert Hanssen was a supervisor in an '80s program to monitor U.S.
      anti-nuclear and peace activists.", Los Angeles Times, July 29, 2001 --
      http://www.ratical.org/ratville/JFK/JohnJudge/COINTELPRO80s.html
      (ratical.org - page down for story)

    • David Hilliard Eaton
      http://www.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/davidheaton.html
      (Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography)

    • FBI Freedom of Information Act Web Site -- http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/foiaindex.htm

      Commentary: A comparison of the Government whitewash of Nazi war criminal
      Arthur Rudolph with the FBI's continued harassing observation of writer
      Thomas Mann and union activist Cesar Chavez is particularly instructive.
      Rudolph was made Saturn Moon Rocket Project Director by NASA, and the FBI files
      repeatedly note: "...consider Rudolph reliable, trustworthy, adaptable, conscientious
      and potentially good loyal American..." But eventually Rudolph left
      this country rather than face charges for the murder of thousands of concentration
      camp workers.

      __Cesar Chavez and United Farm Workers -- http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/chavez.htm

      __Thomas Mann FBI File
      (removed from the FBI FOIA website since the last time I checked the
      links on this resource - JM)

      __Arthur Rudolph -- http://foia.fbi.gov/arudolph/arudolph1.pdf

    • "Former UC President Clark Kerr, a national leader in higher
      education, dies at 92", UC Berkeley News, December 2, 2003 --
      http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2003/12/02_kerr.shtml

    • Ross Gelbspan, Break-ins, Death Threats and the FBI, the Covert
      War Against the Central America Movement      , South End Press, 1991 --
      http://www.amazon.com/exec/ obidos/tg/detail/-/0896084124/qid=1118445182/sr=8-1/ref=sr_8_xs_ap_i1_xgl14/102-8599968-2690543?v=glance&s=books&n=507846

    • Coco Fusco, a/k/a Mrs. George Gilbert, video, 2004 --
      http://www.vdb.org/smackn.acgi$tapedetail?AKAMRSGEOR (Video Data Bank)

    • Allen Ginsberg's FBI File
      http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/g_l/ginsberg/fbi.htm (Modern American Poetry website)

      "...Ginsberg said that some of the papers in his file come from related
      customs and Treasury Department investigative bureaus. His file crisscrosses
      those of other writers. 'They include Leroi Jones, who was the victim of much
      more attack than people understand and, in that context, his anger
      is understandable,' Ginsberg said. 'Most people don't realize what he and
      other black literati have been through, assuming that all past injustices
      have been redressed or somehow disappeared out of mind...'"

    • Brian Glick, War at Home, Covert Action Against U.S. Activists and
      What We Can Do About It      , South End Press, 1989
      This book contains a useful section on "What We Can Do About Domestic
      Covert Action"

    • Hunter Gray, "Organizer 13" --
      http://www.hunterbear.org/organizer_13.htm

    • Fred Hampton -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Hampton (Wikipedia)

    • Margot Hornblower, "Socialists Win Damages, FBI Program of Disruption
      Ruled Unconstitutional", The Washington Post, August 26, 1986.

      The Post reports that the Court found that from 1960-1976
      the FBI planted 1,300 informers in the Socialist party and the
      Young Socialist Alliance; the informers were paid a total of $1.7 million.
      The Post notes that the Judge found that "During the 1960s one of 10
      members of the party were paid by the FBI and three of them ran for public office
      on the party's ticket...The FBI committed 193 burglaries, or 'black-bag jobs',
      and photographed or removed 9,864 documents..."

    • Dean Kuipers, "Busting the FBI The Judi Bari verdict bares government
      lies and deceit", LA Weekly, June 21 - 27, 2002

    • Edwin McDowell, "Articles Assert F.B.I. Often Watched Writers," The New York Times,
      September 30, 1987
      http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE4DE1F30F933A0575AC0A961948260

    • Judy Malloy, Revelations of Secret Surveillance, 2004 --
      http://www.well.com/user/jmalloy/gunterandgwen/titlepage.html

    • Herbert Mitgang, Dangerous Dossiers, Exposing the Secret War Against America's
      Greatest Authors      , NY, Donald Fine, 1988.

      Mitgang documents FBI and/or US Army Intelligence and CIA surveillance of writers
      and artists. Among the writers and artists who were spied on by the US Government were
      Sinclair Lewis, Pearl Buck, John Steinbeck, Ernest Hemingway, Alexander Calder,
      Thomas Mann, Carl Sandburg, Dorothy Parker, Nelson Algren, Thornton Wilder,
      Lillian Hellman, Truman Capote, and Georgia O'Keeffe. There were 356 pages of
      FBI files on novelist Dashiell Hammet and over 600 pages of FBI files on poet
      Archibald MacLeish.

    • Leonard Peltier Defense Committee --
      http://www.leonardpeltier.net/

    • Trey Popp, "Rage, in oil on canvas, Picasso's response to the
      pure evil of war still unnerves those who wage it",
      San Francisco Chronicle, November 28, 2004 -- (Review of Gijs van Hensbergen, Guernica, The Biography of a Twentieth-Century Icon,
      Bloomsbury, 2004) --
      http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/11/28/RVG3V9U7FN1.DTL

      "...Picasso's FBI file was as detailed and surreal as the some of the painter's Cubist compositions.
      A Republican congressman from Michigan, George Dondero, labeled him a dangerous subversive,
      declared avant-garde artists' collectives to be Communist cells and threatened that 'critics
      who support modern art should be attended to..."

    • Natalie Robins, Alien Ink: The FBI's War on Freedom of Expression,
      New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1993. p. 213

      Robins documents FBI surveillance of writers. Among the many writers who were spied
      on for years by the US Government were James Agee, Allen Ginsberg, Ernest Hemingway,
      John Cheever, Randall Jarrell, William Carlos Williams, Marianne Moore, Muriel Rukeyser,
      Langston Hughes, James Thurber, Kay Boyle and Mark Van Doren. There were at least
      1,429 pages in novelist James Baldwin's FBI file.

    • Seth Rosenfeld, "Ex-UC chief calls FBI actions despicable"
      Clark Kerr reacts to Chronicle report on bureau misdeeds",
      San Francisco Chronicle -- http://www.sfgate.com/ cgi-bin/artbicle.cgi?file=/c/a/2002/06/10/MN64831.DTL

    • Seth Rosenfeld, "Mario Savio's FBI Odyssey", San Francisco Chronicle,
      October 10, 2004 -- http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/ article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/10/10/CMGP08OOFI1.DTL

    • Seth Rosenfeld, "Reagan, Hoover, and the UC Red Scare",
      Chronicle Special Report, San Francisco Chronicle --
      http://sfgate.com/news/special/pages/2002/campusfiles/

    • Jack Ryan -- http://www.giraffe.org/hero_Ryan.html (Profiles of Giraffe Heroes)

    • Jean Seberg
      http://www.saintjean.co.uk/politics.htm

      FBI fabricates story about Seberg's pregnancy and then publicizes their lie

      Jean Seberg, Actress, November 13, 1938 - September 08, 1979
      http://www.obituariestoday.com/ Obituaries/ObitShow.cfm?Obituary_ID=28655§ion=pin

    • "Serrano Sends FBI Files with New FUPI Documents" --
      http://www.cipdc.org/serranodocs.htm

      "'It is only fitting that these documents be delivered to Puerto Rico
      where many of these activities took place, where it has been known that
      the FBI targeted professors, university students, and so many others.'"

    • "John Steinbeck FBI Files" -- http://www.paperlessarchives.com/steinbeck.html

      Commentary: An example of FBI spending taxpayer's money on literary criticism focused
      on how the Bureau was portrayed. It is disgraceful that this country has provided funding
      for the FBI to stalk artists, while government funding for artists and for publicly documenting
      our culture by arts professionals has been won with difficulty.

    • Anthony Summers, Official and Confidential,
      The Secret Life of J. Edgar Hoover      , NY, G.P.Putnam's, 1993.

    • M. Wesley Swearingen, FBI Secrets, An Agent's Expose, Boston,
      MA: South End Press, 1995.

    • U.S. Senate, "Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans",
      Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with
      Respect to Intelligence, U.S. Senate, 94th Congress, end Session, 1976
      (The Church Committee)-- (Paul Wolf's Cointelpro Website)
      http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm (Paul Wolf's Cointelpro Website)

      Includes Church Committee reports on "Intelligence Activities and the Rights
      of Americans".

      The following is part of Church Committee findings on "Using Covert Action
      to Disrupt and Discredit Domestic Groups":

      "The Committee finds that covert action programs have been used to disrupt
      the lawful political activities of individual Americans and groups and to
      discredit them, using dangerous and degrading tactics which are abhorrent
      in a free and decent society.

      Subfindings

      (a) Although the claimed purposes of these action programs were to protect
      the national security and to prevent violence, many of the victims were concededly
      nonviolent, were not controlled by a foreign power, and posed no threat to the national
      security.

      (b)The acts taken interfered with the First Amendment rights of citizens.
      They were explicitly intended to deter citizens from joining groups,
      "neutralize" those who were already members, and prevent or inhibit the
      expression of ideas.

      (c) The tactics used against Americans often risked and sometimes caused serious emotional,
      economic, or physical damage. Actions were taken which were designed to break up marriages,
      terminate funding or employment, and encourage gang warfare between violent rival groups.
      Due process of law forbids the use of such covert tactics, whether the victims are
      innocent law-abiding citizens or members of groups suspected of involvement in violence.

      (d) The sustained use of such tactics by the FBI in an attempt to
      destroy Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., violated the law and fundamental human decency."

    • David A. Vise, The Bureau and the Mole, the Unmasking of Robert Philip Hanssen,
      the Most Dangerous Double Agent in FBI History      , NY, Atlantic Monthly Press, 2002.

    • David Whitehouse, "FBI campaign against Einstein revealed",
      BBC News, 8 June, 2002 --
      http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2033324.stm
      (review of Fred Jerome, "The Einstein File", NY, St Martin's Press)

    • John Wiener, Gimme Some Truth: The John Lennon FBI Files,
      University of California Press, 1999.

      The value of the Freedom of Information Act and the way the "culture of secrecy"
      undermines democracy are underscored in this account of Wiener's difficulty
      in obtaining FBI and CIA files that revealed spying for political motives on John Lennon.
      The role of Britain's M15 in suppressing this information is also discussed.
      There is an associated website:
      John Lennon FBI Files -- http://www.lennonfbifiles.com

    • Jon Wiener, "Lennon's MI5-FBI Files", The Nation, February 23, 2000 --
      http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20000313&s=wiener

    • Nicholas Wilson, "The Judi Bari Bombing Revisited; Big Timber,
      Public Relations and the FBI", Monitor Publishing --
      http://www.monitor.net/monitor/9905a/jbrevisited.html

      "The jury clearly found that six of the seven FBI and OPD defendants
      framed Judi and Darryl in an effort to crush Earth First! and chill
      participation in Redwood Summer. That was evident in the fact that 80%
      of the $4.4 million total damage award was for violation of their
      First Amendment rights to speak out and organize politically
      in defense of the forests.
    Surveillance and Harassment - FBI - 2000- Infiltration - The OSS

    • Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero: Wild Bill Donovan,
      NY: Times Books, 1982.

    • Carey, Frank, "It's Anthropologists' Plan To Prevent Future Wars",
      The Washington Post, April 19, 1942.

      Carleton S. Coon, Harvard, Conrad M. Arensberg, Brooklyn College, and Eliot D. Chapple, Harvard
      Medical School and President of the Society for Applied Anthropology propose
      a "United States of the World" with a world police force that would control
      the whole federation. The proposal would seem merely ludicrous
      but for the fact that subsequently Carleton Coon was chosen by "Wild Bill"
      Donovan as an agent of the fledging OSS.(that later became the CIA)
      Anthony Cave Brown (Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero: Wild Bill Donovan,
      NY: Times Books, 1982, pp. 269-270) quotes a memo from Coon to Donovan in which
      Coon not only advocates political assassination but also suggests that a group
      of men be chosen for this purpose from the OSS and the British SOE.

      One of the other men who proposed this global police state (couched in idealistic language) was
      Eliot Chapple, an early brain wave researcher. See Waldemar Kaempffert, "Science in the News: Brain
      Waves", The New York Times, July 7, 1940 for a report of Eliot Chapple's use of brain
      wave recordings in the study of relationships.

    • Richard Harris Smith, OSS, The Secret History of America's First Central
      Intelligence Agency      , Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press, 2005

      An impressive and detailed history of OSS operations that contributes greatly
      to an understanding of the devious and counterproductive operations now controlled
      by the management of OSS successor, the Central Intelligence Agency
    Surveillance and Harassment - CIA
      A CIA Reading List -- http://www.serendipity.li/cia/cia_bibl.html#weinstein (Serendipity website)

    • Bob Egelko, "Enough evidence for trial of CIA drugging",
      San Francisco Chronicle, May 25, 2004 --
      http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/ article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/05/25/BAGMH6R8OU1.DTL

    • Allen Ginsberg
      "CIA Dope Calypso' -- http://mediafilter.org/MFF/CIA_Dope_Calypso.html

    • Sidney Gottlieb
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Gottlieb (Wikipedia)

    • Seymour M. Hersh, "Huge C.I.A. Operation Reported in U.S. Against
      AntiWar Forces, Other Dissidents in Nixon Years, Helms Reportedly Got
      Surveillance Data in Charter Violation", The New York Times,
      December 22, 1974.

    • "Mind-Control Studies Had Origins in Trial of Mindszenty", New
      York Times      , August 2, 1977. p. 16

      "...The C.I.A. men who led the way, enlisting the support of the Army,
      the Navy, the Air Force, the Departments of Agriculture, Health, Education and
      Welfare and several other agencies, acknowledged among themselves that much of
      what they were setting out to do was 'unethical', bordered on the illegal and would be
      repugnant to the American people. So they made certain that these activities were tightly
      held, known only to the director, Allen W. Dulles, and a handful of operatives and
      high-ranking aides...."

    • MKULTRA Documents --
      http://www.parascope.com/ds/mkultradocs.htm (parascope website)

      Although not all the links on this site are working,
      but the ones that are very revealing as regards the agency's development of
      substances and tricks to cause impulsive behavior, to enhance the effects of alcohol;
      to produce amnesia; to produce pain and numbness; to produce anxiety; and to alter
      people's environment by displacing objects.

    • MK-Ultra: The CIA and Radiation Interim Report of the Advisory Committee
      on Human Radiation Experiments Appendix, pp. E-1.1 to 1.6 (on EarthOps website)--
      http://earthops.org/mk_ultra.html

      "CIA documents and a 1963 CIA Inspector General (IG) report however state
      quite clearly that MKULTRA was a program 'concerned with research and development
      of chemical. biological. and radiological materials capable
      of employment in clandestine operations to control human behavior.'"

    • National Security Archive, "The CIA's Family Jewels;
      Agency Violated Charter for 25 Years,
      Wiretapped Journalists and Dissidents", June 27, 2007
      http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB222/index.htm

    • National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 2, The Contras,
      Cocaine,and Covert Operations --
      http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB2/nsaebb2.htm

    • Frank Olson Legacy Project --
      http://www.frankolsonproject.org/index.html

    • Robert Parry, "How John Kerry Exposed the Contra-Cocaine Scandal",
      Salon.com, October 25 2004 --
      http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2004/10/25/contra/index_np.html

    • Ed Pilkington, "CIA doctors face human experimentation claims",
      guardian.co.uk, September 2, 2009
      http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/02/cia-usa

    • Dana Priest, "CIA Is Expanding Domestic Operations, More Offices,
      More Agents With FBI", Washington Post, October 23, 2002

    • "Professor McCoy Exposes the History of CIA Interrogation, From the Cold War
      to the War on Terror", Democracy Now, February 17th, 2006 --
      http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06/02/17/1522228

    • Colin A. Ross, "The CIA Mind Control Doctors: From Harvard to Guantanamo"
      Citizens Commission on Human Rights, 2009
      http://www.cchrint.org/2009/09/03/cia-mind-control-doctors/

    • Peter Dale Scott, Drugs, Oil, and War: The United States in Afghanistan,
      Colombia, and Indochina      , Rowman & Littlefield, 2003
      Preface -- http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~pdscott/dowpref.html

    • Frances Stonor Saunders' in The Cultural Cold War,
      The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters      , NY: The New Press, 1999.
      published in the UK< as Who Paid the Piper? The CIA and the Cultural
      Cold War      , Granta, 1999)

    • Noah Shachtman, "Vets Sue CIA Over Mind Control Tests" Wired, January 7, 2009
      http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2009/01/mkultra-lawsuit/

    • Gary Webb, Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack
      Cocaine Explosion      , Seven Stories Press, 1999 --
      http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ ASIN/1888363932/qid=1091559832/sr=2-1/ref=sr_2_1/104-1096280-5293536

    • Wicker, Tom, "The Truth is Needed", The New York Times,
      December 24, 1974.

      "...Congress, the White House, the American people have been assured
      repeatedly that the C.I.A., barred by law from any operations within the United States, does
      not conduct such operations. Now The New York Times has published strong allegations
      that the agency did just that -- and these allegations are supported by Mr. Ford's
      [President Ford] refusal to say that internal surveillances had not been carried on in the
      past, and by his concession that he had some of the information in The Times' article
      before it appeared..."
    Surveillance - Civilian Government Agencies
    Surveillance - State and City
    Surveillance, Harassment, Gross Negligence - Corporate; Military Industrial Complex
    Total Information Awareness, MATRIX, and related programs
    Surveillance and Harassment:
    US Intelligence Agencies in Other Countries
    British Intelligence
    • "German Offensive in the Ardennes 1944 - Enigma and the Ultra Secret"
      -- http://www2.army.mod.uk/royalsignalsmuseum/postalcovers/enigmaultrasecret.htm
      (The British Army, Royal Corps of Signals)

    • 1994 Britain's Dirty War --
      http://www.inac.org/irishhistory/dirtywar (Irish Northern Aid web site)

    • Tom Hayden
      "British Role in NI is a Model for Disaster", Irish America
      http://www.irishabroad.com/irishworld/irishamericamag/junejuly03/ departments/britishrole.asp (page down)

    • Hyde, H. Montgomery, The Quiet Canadian, the Secret Service Story of Sir William Stephenson, Constable, 1962.

    • Frank Kitson, "Low Intensity Operations: Subversion, Insurgency, Peacekeeping",
      Harrisburg PA: Stackpole Books, 1971.
      _review by Dale Wharton -- http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/27/054.html

    • Impressment. Wikipedia -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressment
      The British Navy's impressment of over 6,000 American sailors
      was one of the causes of the War of 1812.

    • Charles Berlitz with the collaboration of J. Manson Valentine,
      The Bermuda Triangle Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1974.

      Although Berlitz does not cite this as a possible cause,
      the finding of so many ships without their crews in the vicinity of Bermuda
      from where the British sailed to burn Washington and the White House in 1814
      and where they held a military presence until 1957 and an espionage station
      during WWII, suggests the possibility of impressment by the British. Bermuda was
      where the British imprisoned Irish slaves and the Scots who fought Cromwell in the
      17th century. See Darwin Porter and Danforth Prince, Frommer's Bermuda 2006
      Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2006. pp 225-229 for a History of the British presence in Bermuda.

    • Rob Evans, "MI6 pays out over secret LSD mind control tests,Truth drug' trials
      men win out of court settlement, Porton Down accused of duping volunteers in 50s"
      The Observer, , February 24, 2006
      http://www.guardian.co.uk/military/story/0,,1716691,00.html

    • Mahl, Thomas, Desparate Deception, British Covert Operations in
      the United States      , 1939-44, Brassey's, 1998.

      Mahl documents the activities of British Intelligence espionage in the United State
      (The British Security Coordination - BSC) including surveillance of American citizens,
      disruption of public gatherings, subversion of the press, and attempts to discredit the labor
      movement.

    • Bruce Page, David Leitch, Phillip Knightley, The Philby Conspiracy,
      Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1968.

    • Thomas F. Troy, Wild Bill and Intrepid, New Haven & London,
      Yale University Press, 1996.

      Retired CIA Staff Officer Thomas F. Troy quotes a memorandum from Asst. Secretary
      of State Adolf Berle in which he expresses concern that Stephenson was creating
      "a full size secret police and intelligence service". (p. 74, pp 188-189)
      Note that according to a memo from J. Edgar Hoover to Berle, in addition to the office in New York City,
      Stephenson had agents in Baltimore, Seattle, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Houston.
      The likelihood that Stephenson's deputy, Colonel Charles H. ("Dick") Ellis was a Nazi
      spy and possibly also a Soviet spy is discussed on pp. 14-15 and p. 160.

    • William Stevenson, A Man Called Intrepid, Guilford, CT,
      The Lyons Press, 1976.

      In which British Intelligence boasts about subverting American democracy
      including murdering alleged spies on American soil without the benefit of a
      trial.

    • Jon Wiener, "Lennon's MI5-FBI Files", The Nation, February 23, 2000 --
      http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20000313&s=wiener

    • Donald E. Wilkes, "The Assassination of Ashley Wilkes", The Athens
      Observer      , June 8, 1995 --
      http://www.law.uga.edu/academics/ profiles/dwilkes_more/other_1ashley.html (The University of Georgia School of Law)

      "...When the Ultra secret was disclosed long after WW2 ended, the public
      learned that the Allies had broken the Nazi codes for most of the war. Subsequently it
      was also revealed that the British had known in advance of possible German plans to
      intercept the airliner. To avoid compromising the Ultra secret, the British did not pass
      on their knowledge to the airline.."
    Abuses by Intelligence Agencies from Other Countries
    Surveillance, Harassment, Infiltration: Mercenaries

    • Stephen H. Norwood, Strikebreaking and Intimidation
      Mercenaries and Masculinity in Twentieth-Century America      , University of North
      Carolina Press, 2002
      http://uncpress.unc.edu/browse/book_detail?title_id=1085

    • "Prison Privatisation", Corporate Watch, no 11, Summer 2000 --
      http://archive.corporatewatch.org.uk/magazine/issue11/cw11f6.html

    • Phil Shannon, Stephen H. Norwood, "[Review of] Strikebreaking and
      Intimidation: Mercenaries and Masculinity in Twentieth-Century America      ,
      University of North Carolina Press/Chapel Hill, 2002",
      Melbourne Indymedia, March 25, 2005 --
      http://www.melbourne.indymedia.org/news/2005/03/89695.php

    • Robert Michael Smith, From Blackjacks to Briefcases: a History of
      Commercialized Strike Breaking and Unionbusting in the United States      ,
      Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio, 2003.

      Interference with driving of Union members by Vance International Asset Protection
      Team employees staging incidents is discussed on p 125. This section of the book
      also details the use of high tech surveillance equipment by union busting detective agencies.

    • William W. Turner, "The Hoover U. Alumni Association" in William W. Turner, Hoover's FBI,
      NY: Dell, 1970. pp. 290-300. Turner points out the presence of former FBI agents in key
      positions in corporate strikebreaking teams and that strikebreaking and prison contractor the
      Wackenhut Corporation was founded by former FBI agent George R. Wackenhut.

    • "Violence and the Newspaper Strike", Solidarity
      http://www.solidarity-us.org/node/811

    • Jerry White, "Private security company in Iraq suppressed
      labor struggles in US", World Socialist Website, May 7, 2004 --
      http://www.wsws.org/articles/2004/may2004/vanc-m07_prn.shtml

    • Mike Zielinski
      "Armed and Dangerous: Private Police on the March",
      Covert Action Quarterly
      http://mediafilter.org/caq/CAQ54p.police.html
    Informers
    • Jeff Donn, "FBI's bargain written in blood,
      Blind eye turned to mob informers", The Associated Press
      -- http://www.truthinjustice.org/blood-bargain.htm

      "For more than 20 years, FBI headquarters knew that its Boston agents
      were using hit men and mob leaders as informers and shielding them from
      prosecution for serious crimes, including murder..."

    • Frank J. Donner, "The Theory and Practice of American
      Political Intelligence", The New York Review of Books,
      16:7, April 22, 1971 --
      http://www.nybooks.com/articles/10584

    • Brian Glick, War at Home, Covert Action Against U.S.
      Activists and What We Can Do About It      , South End Press, 1989

    • Ritt Goldstein, "US planning to recruit one in 24 Americans as
      citizen spies", The Sydney Morning Herald, July 15 2002 --
      http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/07/14/1026185141232.html

    • Margot Hornblower, "Socialists Win Damages, FBI Program of Disruption
      Ruled Unconstitutional", The Washington Post, August 26, 1986.

      "...According to the court, the Federal Bureau of Investigation
      planted 1,300 informers in the party and its offshoot, the Young Socialist Alliance,
      between 1960 and 1976, paying them a total of $1.7 million.

    • Thomas McEvilley, "Arnold Mesches at P.S. 1 - New York -
      exhibition of the artist's work uses deals with investigation of him
      conducted by Federal Bureau of Investigation from 1945-1972,
      Art in America, Oct, 2003
      http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1248/is_10_91/ai_109667950

    • Jim Redden, Snitch Culture, How Citizens Are Turned into the
      Eyes and Ears of the State      , Feral House, 2000 --
      http://feralhouse.com/titles/investigations/snitch_culture.php

    • Matthew Rothschild, "Exclusive! The FBI Deputizes Businesses, The Progressive,
      February 7, 2008
      http://www.progressive.org/mag_rothschild0308

    • U. S. Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations
      with Respect to Intelligence Activities, "The Use of Informants in FBI
      Domestic Intelligence Investigations," April 23, 1976 --
      http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIId.htm (Paul Wolf's COINTELPRO web site)

      Although it provides only limited information, this report does conclude that
      "The intelligence informant technique is not a precise instrument.
      By its very nature,it risks governmental monitoring of
      Constitutionally-protected activity and the private lives of Americans.
      Unlike electronic surveillance and wiretaps, there are few standards
      and no outside review system for the use of intelligence informants.
      Consequently, the risk of chilling the exercise of First Amendment
      rights and infringing citizen privacy is increased. In addition, existing
      guidelines for informant conduct, particularly with respect to their
      role in violent organizations and FBI use of intelligence informants
      to obtain the private documents of groups and individuals, need to be
      clarified and strengthened."
    Infiltrators/Perpetrators
    Mobbing/Gang Stalking
    Gang Stalking - Possible War Game Connections

    Although there is no evidence that the specific projects listed below have disrupted
    the lives of innocent civilians (or that the researchers involved in these projects
    have designed field experiments targeting civilians) certain military research and
    Operations Plans suggest research and attack strategies that could potentially result
    in illegal field experiments that "target" civilians in the areas of traffic and driving
    disruption in war game simulations; theft of supplies; destruction of equipment;
    the use of robots/robotic devices to create disturbances; the mapping of human response
    to invasive cognitive research; and contingently the effect of stress on cognition.
    Background: Concentration of Power
    Surveillance - John Birch Society and Other
    Far Right Organizations

      John Birch Society/Western Goals

    • Birch Society Asks Members to Help Compile Red-Sympathizer
      Dossiers, The Washington Post, Times Herald, July 7, 1961.

    • Otis Chandler, "Peril to Conservatives", Los Angeles Times,
      March 12, 1961. Following a series of Los Angeles Times articles by Gene Blake,
      which exposed the beliefs and methods of the JBS, LA Times
      Publisher Otis Chandler editorialized against the JBS and its methods,
      concluding that "Subversion, whether it is of the left or the right, is still subversion."

    • "Democracy is 'Worst' Birch Founder Asserts", The Washington Post,
      Times Herald      , May 22, 1961.

    • Ben Jacklet, "Portland police terrorism expert Winfield Falk hated that
      his life's work was sentenced to die in the shredder," Portland Tribue, September 13, 2002 -- http://www.portlandtribune.com/archold.cgi?id=13722

    • Lisa McGirr, Suburban Warriors, the Origins of the New American Right,
      Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2001

      "Welch Reveals Names of Birch Council Members", Los Angeles Times, April 1, 1961.
      They included William J. Grede, former President of the National Association of
      Manufacturers; T. Coleman Andrews, former U.S Comissioner of Internal Revenue;
      Ralph E, Davis, President of General Plant Protection Corp. Los Angeles;
      Clarence Manion, former Dean of Notre Dean University Law School; Revilo B. Oliver,
      University of Illinois Professor; Spruille Braden, former Asst. Secretary of State,
      and Dr. N.E. Adamson Jr., Assistant Medical Director of the New England Mutual Life Insurance Company.

    • "Western Goals Enjoined From Using LAPD Spy Files,
      The Washington Post, April 19, 1984.

      Joan Baez, Jackson Browne, Bonnie Raitt, Richard Dreyfuss, Mike Farrell,
      Susan Sarandon, Norman Lear, Studs Terkel, and Max Palevsky.
      were included in the LAPD files to which JBS affiliate group Western Goals was given access.
      Other far Right Organizations

    • Chip Berlet, "The Maldon Institute", publiceye.org, Political Research Associates --
      http://www.publiceye.org/liberty/Rees/Rees.html

    • Ross Gelbspan, "Heart of Terror Network, From FBI to NSC, Oliver North's
      Private Network Epidemic of Terrorism Continued Completing Cover-Up" --
      -- http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/FBI/Heart_North_CoverUp_BDF.html
      (Third World Travelor website) excerpted from Ross Gelbspan,
      Break-ins, Death Threats and the FBI, the Covert War Against the Central
      America Movement, South End Press, 1991.
    Klu Klux Klan
  • House Unamerican Activities Committee

    • Eric Bentley, Thirty Years of Treason, Excerpts from Hearings
      Before the House Committee on Un-American Activities 1938-1968      ,
      New York, Thunder's Mouth Press/Nation Books, 2002.

    • "'I Have Sung in Hobo Jungles, and I Have Sung for the Rockefellers':
      Pete Seeger Refuses to 'Sing' for HUAC",
      (House Unamerican Activities Committee, August 18, 1955) -- http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6457/ (History Matters)
    Corporate, Military, and Government Attacks on Unions
    • David Adams, "The Era of Industrial Warfare", in David Adams,
      "Internal Military Interventions in the United States",
      Journal of Peace Research, 32:2, 1995 --
      http://www.culture-of-peace.info/intervention/chapter3-6.html

    • David Bacon
      "The New Face of Unionbusting" Part 3
      http://dbacon.igc.org/Unions/02ubust3.htm

    • Richard O. Boyer and Herbert M. Morais, Labor's Untold Story, NY,
      United Electrical, Radio & Machine Workers of America. 3rd ed. , 1980

    • Bruce Nelson, "The Big Strike", in Bruce Nelson,
      Workers on the Waterfront, Urbana and Chicago, University of Illinois Press, 1990.

    • Stephen H. Norwood, Strikebreaking and Intimidation
      Mercenaries and Masculinity in Twentieth-Century America      , University of North
      Carolina Press, 2002
      http://uncpress.unc.edu/browse/book_detail?title_id=1085

    • Mike Quin, "The Big Strike: A Journalist Describes the 1934 San Francisco Strike" --
      http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/124/ (History Matters)

    • Robert G. Rodden, from The Fighting Machinists, A Century of Struggle
      http://www.iamawlodge1426.org/hisupdate29.htm (Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers,
      The Fighting Machinists, Soiuxland Lodge 1426 website)

    • Phil Shannon, Stephen H. Norwood, "[Review of] Strikebreaking and
      Intimidation: Mercenaries and Masculinity in Twentieth-Century America      ,
      University of North Carolina Press/Chapel Hill, 2002",
      Melbourne Indymedia, March 25, 2005 --
      http://www.melbourne.indymedia.org/news/2005/03/89695.php

    • Robert Michael Smith, From Blackjacks to Briefcases: a History of
      Commercialized Strike Breaking and Unionbusting in the United States      ,
      Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio, 2003.

      Interference with driving of Union members by Vance International Asset Protection
      Team employees staging incidents is discussed on p 125. This section of the book
      also details the use of high tech surveillance equipment by union busting

    • "Violence and the Newspaper Strike", Solidarity
      http://www.solidarity-us.org/node/811

    • Jerry White, "Private security company in Iraq suppressed
      labor struggles in US", World Socialist Website, May 7, 2004 --
      http://www.wsws.org/articles/2004/may2004/vanc-m07_prn.shtml

    • Mike Zielinski
      "Armed and Dangerous: Private Police on the March",
      Covert Action Quarterly
      http://mediafilter.org/caq/CAQ54p.police.html
    Imprisonment of Artists and Intellectuals - Communist Governments
    Control of Athletes
    Intelligence Agency Subversion of the Arts

    • Dudley Cocke, Roadside Theater, "'Styles' - Susan Sontag",
      Grantmakers in the Arts Reader, 2001 --
      http://www.roadside.org/styles.html
      In response to CIA funding of the Partisan Review, Cocke writes:
      "...What was the Agency buying? Perhaps it was an arts world restricted to
      valorizing beauty, an arts and letters where multiple ideas about truth would
      be discouraged from surfacing."

      Sontag's quoted words in this article should be taken in the context
      of the time when they were written and do not even necessarily apply to her later
      work. I have in our time heard it expressed that art should only address political
      issues. From my point of view, the point is not what a respected
      artist said overtly -- artists say many things during the course of their lifetimes
      -- but that any aesthetic criteria held by intelligence agencies covertly infiltrating
      the arts could dictate what art is shown and what is not,
      and because the influence is covert, that would be a serious impingement on freedom
      of expression in the arts.

      The same is true in the sciences where covert influence and funding could
      negatively effect the work of scientists and researchers who do not pursue
      defense-oriented research.

    • Alex Constantine, The Covert War Against Rock, What You Don't
      Know About the Deaths of Jim Morrison, Tupac Shakur, Michael Hutchence,
      Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Phil Ochs, Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, John Lennon,
      The Notorious B.I.G.      , Feral House, 2000 --
      http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/092291561X/102-3224503-6092940?v=glance

    • Herbert Mitgang, Dangerous Dossiers, Exposing the Secret War Against America's
      Greatest Authors      , NY, Donald Fine, 1988.

      Mitgang documents FBI and/or US Army Intelligence and CIA surveillance of writers
      and artists. Among the writers and artists who were spied on by the US Government were
      Sinclair Lewis, Pearl Buck, John Steinbeck, Ernest Hemingway, Alexander Calder,
      Thomas Mann, Carl Sandburg, Dorothy Parker, Nelson Algren, Thornton Wilder,
      Lillian Hellman, Truman Capote, and Georgia O'Keeffe. There were 356 pages of
      FBI files on novelist Dashiell Hammet and over 600 pages of FBI files on poet
      Archibald MacLeish.

    • Natalie Robins, Alien Ink: The FBI's War on Freedom of Expression,
      New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1993. p. 213

      Robins documents FBI surveillance of writers. Among the many writers who were spied
      on for years by the US Government were James Agee, Allen Ginsberg, Ernest Hemingway,
      John Cheever, Randall Jarrell, William Carlos Williams, Marianne Moore, Muriel Rukeyser,
      Langston Hughes, James Thurber, Kay Boyle and Mark Van Doren. There were at least
      1,429 pages in novelist James Baldwin's FBI file.

    • Frances Stonor Saunders, Who Paid the Piper? The CIA and the
      Cultural Cold War      , Granta, 1999

      Covert CIA funding of selected artists -- extensively documented in this book--
      put some artists, writers, and musicians in the position of having no idea
      that their work was unknowingly supported by the CIA. Furthermore, the CIA
      control of culture documented in this book, while it may have had some
      benefits in the abstract-expressionist era, may also have put in place a mechanism
      for CIA interference in the arts -- in later eras when art and art forms,
      such as performance art, new media, and e-literature became more challenging
      both to the political establishment and to critics whose aesthetics
      were formed in era of abstract expressionism.

    • Laurence Zuckerman, "How the Central Intelligence Agency
      Played Dirty Tricks With Our Culture", The New York Times, March 18, 2000 --
      http://www.commondreams.org/headlines/031800-02.htm (Common Dreams web site)
    Intelligence Agency Subversion of the Press
  • Intelligence Agency Subversion of Academia
    Attacks on Arts and Academic Funding and Content
      See also the sections on the FBI

    • Robert Atkins, "NEA 4 (all right, 2 of them) Re-Unite", Artery --
      http://www.artistswithaids.org/artery/centerpieces/centerpieces_nea.html

    • Richard Brenneman, "Professor Ignacio Chapela Wins Bitter UC Tenure Fight",
      The Berkeley Daily Planet, May 24-25, 2005 --
      http://www.berkeleydaily.org/article.cfm?issue=05-24-05&storyID=21453

    • Book Burning --
      http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005852 ( Holocaust Encyclopedia )

    • "Diego Rivera's Man at the Crossroads" --
      http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/cultureshock/flashpoints/visualarts/diegorivera_a.html
      (PBS Culture Shock website.

      An echo of the May 10, 1933 Nazi book burnings took place the following year
      on February 10, 1934, when, on orders from John D. Rockefeller, Jr, workmen
      at Rockefeller Center used axes to destroy Diego Rivera's 63-foot-long mural
      Man at the Crossroads because it included a detail of Lenin in a May Day parade.

    • The Catholic League -- http://www.catholicleague.org

    • Archibald L. Gillies, "A New Commitment: To Artists, Creativity, and Freedom of
      Expression in the 21st Century", The Warhol Foundation, 2001 --
      http://www.warholfoundation.org/paperseries/article10.htm

      A well written and reasoned article about the loss of arts funding,
      particularly NEA funding for individual artists, and its
      impact on artists and on the country.

    • Alex Constantine, The Covert War Against Rock, What You Don't
      Know About the Deaths of Jim Morrison, Tupac Shakur, Michael Hutchence,
      Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Phil Ochs, Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, John Lennon,
      The Notorious B.I.G.      , Feral House, 2000 --
      http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/092291561X/102-3224503-6092940?v=glance

    • Feuchtwanger Memorial Library, Exiled German-Speaking Intellectuals in Los Angeles -- http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/arc/libraries/feuchtwanger/
      This website is hosted by the Feuchtwanger Memorial Library, a collection
      donated to the University of Southern California by German exile writer
      Lion Feuchtwanger's widow, Marta Feuchtwanger.

    • FSM@40: Free Speech in a Dangerous Time, University of California
      at Berkeley, October, 2004 --
      http://www.fsm-a.org

    • Marjorie Heins, "The Miracle: Film Censorship and the Entanglement of Church and State",
      University of Virginia Forum for Contemporary Thought, Oct. 28, 2002 (revised Oct. 6, 2003)--
      http://www.fepproject.org/commentaries/themiracle.html
      (The Free Expression Policy Project web site)

    • George L. Hersey, Evolution of Allure, Sexual Selection
      from the Medici Venus to the Incredible Hulk      , Cambridge, MA:
      MIT Press, 1996.

      Of particular interest in this book by Yale art historian George Hersey,
      is the description of British eugenicist Francis Galton's program for breeding
      by "superior" families only; (pp 110-111) Cesare Lombroso's
      denial of the equality of women in his prescription for sexual selection;
      (pp 112-123) Max Nordau's attacks specifically on artists and his suggestion
      that artists and other such personalities should be confined to camps where they
      would be under constant supervision and would not be allowed
      to reproduce; (p. 144) and the attacks of Nordau and proto-Nazi
      Paul Schultze-Naumburg on art and artists.

      Appearing in 1996, Evolution of Allure is of interest
      in that, at the height of the culture wars,
      it reveals historical antecedents for a series of systems not only for
      eugenics breeding but also for the persecution of artists.

    • "The History of St. Patrick's Day - Irish Music" --
      http://www.historychannel.com/exhibits/stpatricksday/?page=history5
      (The History Channel)
      Queen Elizabeth I decreed that all Irish Musician's and artists be hanged
      http://www.visitireland.com/aboutireland/music.asp (Visit Ireland.com)
      In the 14th century, Irish Minstrels, were excluded from districts
      which belonged to the English Government. The British "Statues of Kilkenny"
      and the Penal Laws were for the Irish akin to the Nuremberg Laws enacted by the Germans
      against the Jewish people.

    • The Inquisition -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquisition (wikipeida)

    • Doug Ireland, "The New Blacklist: Corporate America is bowing to anti-gay Christian
      groups' boycott demands", LA Weekly, June 9, 2005
      http://www.laweekly.com/general/features/the-new-blacklist/574/

    • Lawrence Jarvik, "Ten Good Reasons to Eliminate Funding for the National
      Endowment for the Arts" --
      http://www.heritage.org/Research/Budget/BG1110.cfm (The Heritage Foundation)

    • Judy Malloy, "Arts Foes Helms, Thurmond, and Gramm to Leave Senate"
      Arts Wire Current, September 11, 2001 --
      http://www.nyfa.org/current_archive/2001/cur091101.html#news1

      "...Helms' systematic attacks on individual artists focused national attention
      not on the myriad creative approaches of this country's artists and the compelling
      need for their support -- but rather on the narrow-minded prejudices of the attackers.
      The Arts Endowment was under continual threat of elimination. The National arts budget
      was drastically slashed. Content restrictions were imposed on government grants.

      Celebrating many of the innovative individuals who (with little financial
      compensation) have dedicated their lives to art making, an NEA Artist's Fellowship
      was a meaningful award for this country's artists to strive for. But in the summer
      of 1995, Congress eliminated grants to all individual artists, with the exception
      of writers and jazz masters.... "

    • Judy Malloy, "Arts Community Urges Congress to Restore Individual Artists
      Fellowships, Suggests Ways to Improve the Granting Process;
      Affirming Community Arts Approach, Ways to Broaden Access to Local
      Funding are Also Suggested", Arts Wire Current, May 27, 2002 --
      http://www.nyfa.org/current_archive/2002/cur052702.html

    • Judy Malloy, Revelations of Secret Surveillance, 2004 --
      http://www.well.com/user/jmalloy/gunterandgwen/titlepage.html

    • Tim Miller and the N.E.A. 4
      http://hometown.aol.com/millertale/timmillerNEA.html
      The four performance artists whose grants were rescinded were Karen Finley,
      John Fleck, Holly Hughes, and Tim Miller.

    • Antonio Muntadas, The File Room -- http://www.thefileroom.org/

    • Max Nordau, Degeneration, Lincoln and London, University
      of Nebraska Press, 1993. (reprinted from the English langauage edition,
      NY: D. Appleton & Co, 1895; original German edition: 1892)

      On page 326, Nordau, speaking of work that he considers "ugly or loathsome",
      states "Ought we not in this case to condemn the work and if possible to
      suppress it? How can its right to exist be justified?"

      After comparing artists to drunks and criminals, who should forcefully put
      under Guardianship, he writes: "It never occurs to us to permit the criminal
      by organic disposition to 'expand' his individually in crime, and just as
      little can it be expected of us to permit the degenerate artist to expand his
      individuality in immoral works of art." (p. 326)

      Among the artists Nordau considers "degenerate" are the impressionist
      painters, (p. 27) Zola, (pp. 489-506) Tolstoi (pp. 144-171) and Ibsen.
      pp. 338-415) After calling Ibsen a "poet of great verve and power", he then
      spends over 50 pages attempting to prove that Ibsen's works are degenerate,
      finally emphasizing that Ibsen is immoral because of his strong women
      characters: "Under Ibsen's code of morals the vast majority of wives would
      have everything to lose. The severe discipline of matrimony is their bulwark..." (p. 415)

      In addition to works which empower women or might influence them, Nordau
      also rants against new forms. "The art and poetry of to-morrow, in all
      essential points, will be the art and poetry of to-day and yesterday, and
      the spasmodic seeking for new forms is nothing more than hysterical vanity,
      the freaks of strolling players and charlatanism." (p. 544)

      Nordau's method is that of the hell and brimstone preacher who himself sees
      the seductive beauty of pleasure and therefore violently condemns it.
      For instance, on pages 127-128, there is a progression from
      the beauty of Verlaine's poetry to an attack on Verlaine in which Nordau calls
      Verlaine a "repulsive degenerate" and "an emotional dreamer of feeble intellect" and
      speaks of his "incoherent speech, meaningless expressions, and motley images."

      Thus in 560 pages in which the beauty of art is turned into a venomous diatribe
      against artists, Max Nordau, who was very influential at the time of the writing
      of this book, sets the stage for the "Culture Wars" repression of artists and their
      work, proposing a "Society for Ethical Culture" to brand immoral works. (p. 558)

      Speaking of artists whom he considers "degenerate", in the concluding pages,
      Nordau writes: "Mystics, but especially ego-maniacs and filthy pseudo-realists,
      are enemies to society of the direst kind. Society must unconditionally defend
      itself against them. Whoever believes with me that society is the natural
      organic form of humanity, in which alone it can exist, prosper and continue
      to develop itself to higher destinies; whoever looks upon civilization as a
      good, having value and deserving to be defended, must mercilessly crush under
      his thumb the anti-social vermin." (p. 557)

    • Review of Into the Buzzsaw: Leading Journalists
      Expose the Myth of a Free Press      ,
      Edited by Kristina Borjesson, Foreword by Gore Vidal
      Prometheus Books, NY; $26; 2002
      HopeDance
      http://www.hopedance.org/new/book_reviews/r58.html

    • Vatican's bid to censure Graham Greene, BBC News, November 3, 2000 --
      http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1005484.stm

    • Michael Winship, "Blacklist Isn't New to CPB's Tomlinson
      Public Broadcasting Chair Misrepresented Link to 1984 USIA Blacklist",
      CommonDreams.org, June 28, 2005 --
      http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0628-26.htm
    Background: Covert Total War
    • David Adams, "The Era of Industrial Warfare", in David Adams,
      "Internal Military Interventions in the United States",
      Journal of Peace Research, 32:2, 1995 --
      http://www.culture-of-peace.info/intervention/chapter3-6.html

    • "WR Grace Consultant Otto Ambros"
      Memo from convicted Nazi War Criminal Otto Ambros, who was hired as
      a consultant by WR Grace, Dow, and the US Army Chemical Corps:

      "...We have furthermore drawn the attention of the concentration camp
      to the fact that, in the last few weeks, the inmates are being severely flogged
      on the construction site by the Capos in increasing measure, and this always
      applies to the weakest inmates who really cannot work harder. The exceedingly
      unpleasant scenes that occur on the construction site because of this
      are beginning to have a demoralizing effect on the free workers (Poles),
      as well as on the Germans. We have therefore asked that they should refrain
      from carrying out this flogging on the construction site and transfer it to
      the inside of the concentration camp."       (note that this memo is currently
      no longer available on the web)

    • Nathan Leites and Charles Wolf, Jr., Rebellion and Authority,
      Chicago, Markham Publishing Company, 1970. A RAND Corporation Research Study
      Through anecdotes and unsubstantiated evidence, Leites and Wolf present a picture
      that advocates rational choice (hurting people so that they will conform)
      as opposed to constructive choice. (making life better for better)
      Given that Rand was influential in formulating Vietnam era policy,
      of particular interest is Chapter 6: "Inflicting Damage", pp 90-131.
    Eugenics - through World War II

  • Eric Adler, "Missourian played key role in old-time eugenics
    movement", The Kansas City Star, April 27, 2002 --

    ..."It was Laughlin, too, who in 1924 would be instrumental
    in altering the ethnic make-up of the United States. As Congress'
    chosen 'expert eugenics agent,' he offered 'scientific' testimony
    as to why the United States should pass the Immigration Restriction
    Act..Used in part to deny access to thousands of European Jews
    hoping to escape Nazi Germany, the law endured until the 1960s..."

  • Edwin Black, War Against the Weak, Eugenics and America's Campaign
    to Create a Master Race    . (Four Walls Eight Windows, 2003) --
    http://www.waragainsttheweak.com

  • Edwin Black, "Eugenics and the Nazis -- the California connection" --
    San Francisco Chronicle, November 9, 2003 --
    http://www.waragainsttheweak.com/offSiteArchive/www.sfgate.com/

  • Edwin Black, IBM and the Holocaust. The Strategic Alliance
    Between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation    .
    Three Rivers Press, NY, 2001 --
    http://www.ibmandtheholocaust.com/

  • Edwin Black, "Ethnic Cleansing in Connecticut, Our state's role
    in the Nazi eugenics movement", Hartford Current,
    September 11, 2003
    http://www.mindcontrolforums.com/news/ethnic-cleansing-connecticut.htm (Mind Control Forums)

  • Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory - Eugenics Archive --
    http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/

  • Davenport, Charles Benedict, Eugenics, the science of human
    improvement by better breeding    , New York, H. Holt and Co., 1910.

  • East, Edward M., Heredity and Human Affairs, New York: Scribners, 1927.

    The intellectual veneer with which this book cloaks racist and sexist
    thinking could potentially have promoted both human breeding schemes and
    the control of educational opportunities for women and minorities.
    The author was a professor at Harvard at the time the book was written.

  • Eugenics Part II: License to Breed --
    http://www.historyhouse.com/in_history/eugenics_2/ (History House)

  • Paul Feist, "Davis apologizes for state's sterilization program
    Those with hereditary flaws were victims", SF Chronicle,
    March 12, 2003 --
    http://www.sfgate.com/ cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2003/03/12/BA172425.DTL

  • E. S. Gosney and Paul Popenoe, Sterilization for Human Betterment,
    A Summary of Results of 6,000 Operations in California, 1909-1929,
    NY, Macmillan, 1929. (reprint NY, Arno Press, 1980.

  • "Governor plans to apologize to people sterilized by state -
    little-known chapter of Oregon history when more than 2,600 residents were
    sterilized between 1917 and 1981, most of them in state care." KATU, November 15, 2002

  • Errol Anthony Henderson, "The Scholarship of White Supremacy",
    Excerpted from the book Afrocentrism and World Politics: Towards a New Paradigm --
    http://www.nbufront.org/html/FRONTalView/BookExcerpts/EAH1.html
    (The National Black United Front)

  • George L. Hersey, Evolution of Allure, Sexual Selection
    from the Medici Venus to the Incredible Hulk    , Cambridge, MA:
    MIT Press, 1996.

  • Stefan Kuhl, The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism,
    and German National Socialism    , Oxford University Press, 1994

  • Harry H. Laughlin -- http://library.truman.edu/manuscripts/laughlinbio.htm

    "...His model sterilization laws were used by many of the more than 30
    states that passed sterilization laws. Germany's 1933 sterilization laws were
    also modeled after Laughlin's. Laughlin's immigration studies, which
    seemed to support the idea that recent immigrants from Southern and
    Eastern Europe had a higher percentage of "socially inadequate" persons
    than other immigrants, led to the highly restrictive immigration quota
    system of 1924 which favored immigrants from Northern Europe..."

  • "Breckinridge Long", PBS website on America and the Holocaust --
    http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/holocaust/peopleevents/pandeAMEX90.html

  • David H. Pierce, Threatening Anthropology, McCarthyism and
    the FBI's Surveillance of Activist Anthropologists    , Durham and London,
    Duke University Press, 2004.

    Pierce documents FBI attacks on anthroplogists who espoused racial justice.
    Among the anthropologists whom the FBI did not attack was Earnest Hooton, whose
    proposal of a national government supervised human breeding program
    is mentioned on p. 348.

  • Dave Reynolds
    "The eugenics apologies: How a pair of disability rights advocates
    scored the first state apology for eugenics, and what they have planned next"
    Ragged Edge Online, Nov./Dec. 2003
    http://www.ragged-edge-mag.com/1103/1103ft1.html

  • Welling Savo, "The Master Race", Boston Magazine,
    December, 2002 -- http://www.learntoquestion.com/resources/database/archives/000840.html

  • Alexandra Minna Stern, "Michigan should apologize for forced sterilizations"
    The Detroit News, August 3, 2003

  • Charles Webster, "Eugenic sterilisation: Europe's shame",
    Health Matters, December 13, 2004.

    In addition to documenting the 60,000 people subjected to sterilisation
    in Sweden, discusses Francis Galton "the founder of the pseudo-science of eugenics,
    which provided the intellectual infrastructure for the advocates of sterilisation
    and related measures of social control."
  • Eugenics - WWII - to present
    Operation Paperclip

    • Linda Hunt, Secret Agenda, The United States Government, Nazi
      Scientists, and Project Paperclip      , 1945-1990. St. Martin's Press, 1991.
      (out of print)

      A comprehensive account that documents the bringing to this country
      of about 1000 Nazi scientists and researchers under Operation Paperclip,
      which recruited Nazi war criminals. Hunt documents how Werner von Braun
      and his team were sent to Huntsville and von Braun became the first director
      of the Marshall Space Flight Center; how Kurt Debus, Peenemunde's V-2 flight
      director, became the first director of NASA's Kennedy Center;
      and how Arthur Rudolph, who drove and murdered slaves,
      became the project director for NASA's Saturn IV rocket program
      that took the U.S. to the moon.

      Linda Hunt also establishes that the Operation Paperclip program
      continued under various names (National Interest; Project 63) through 1990.
      As regards Project 63, she writes: "Thus the American taxpayer footed
      the bill for a project to help former Nazis obtain jobs with Lockheed,
      Martin Marietta, North American Aviation or other defense contractors
      during a time when many American engineers in the aircraft industry were
      being laid off."       (p. 176)

    • Linda Hunt, "Arthur Rudolph of Dora and NASA", Moment 4, 1987 --
      http://cndyorks.gn.apc.org/yspace/articles/nazis.htm
      (Yorkshire Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament website)

    • Linda Hunt, "NASA's Nazis", Nation, May 23, 1987 --
      http://www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/Holocaust/nasa-nazis.html
      (Literature of the Holocaust website)

    • Fensch, Thomas, "Rockets from hell", Houston Chronicle,
      June 1997

    • Martin A. Lee, "Their Will Be Done, Let the pope keep the kingdom and
      the glory -- the CIA wants the power", Mother Jones,
      July/August, 1983 --
      http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/1983/07/willbedone.html

      The article includes connections between the CIA, the Knights of Malta,
      and aid to Nazi war criminals.

    • Hubertus Strughold
      http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/Strughold.html

      Strughold, who tortured prisoners at Dachau, was made Director of the
      Department of Space Medicine at Randolph Air force Base in Texas.

    • Alissa Kaplan
      "Name of scientist nixed from library due to Nazi past",
      Jewish News weekly -- http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/2123/e- dition_id/34/format/html/displaystory.html

    • Leon Jaroff
      "The Rocket Man's Dark Side, Many scientists insist Wernher von Braun
      only observed German concentration camps. New revelations
      tell a very different story" , Time, Mar. 26, 2002 -- http://www.time.com/time/columnist/jaroff/article/0,9565,220201,00.html

    • Martin A. Lee, "The CIA's worst-kept secret
      Newly declassified files confirm United States collaboration with Nazis", San Francisco Bay Guardian, May 7, 2001 --
      http://www.commondreams.org/views01/0508-05.htm (Common Dreams)

    • Critical Mass Performance Group
      Apollo Part I - Lebensraum --
      http://www.criticalmasspg.org/current.htm

    • Judy Malloy, Revelations of Secret Surveillance, 2004 --
      http://www.well.com/user/jmalloy/gunterandgwen/titlepage.html

    • National Security Archive, "The CIA and Nazi War Criminals" --
      http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB146/index.htm

    • Michael J. Neufeld, The Rocket and the Reich,
      Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995

      The complicity of Marshall Space Flight Center Director Wernher von Braun,
      Saturn Moon Rocket Project Director Arthur Rudolph, and Walter Dornberger,
      (hired in this country after the War by the US Air Force and Bell Aircraft
      Corporation) in the deaths of workers and the brutal use of slave labor in the
      Nazi rocket program is discussed in pp 225-228.
      U.S. Army Ordinance's role in obscuring Wernher von Braun's complicity
      in the use of slave labor is discussed in the "Epilogue". (pp. 270-271, 278)

    • Review of Karl Grossman's The Wrong Stuff (Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press) --
      http://www.animatedsoftware.com/cassini/kg9709tw.htm

    • Ken Silverstein, "Our Nazi allies, A German amateur investigator
      finds information on the U.S. government's friendly dealings with war
      criminals. Meanwhile, the FBI and CIA guard their records",
      Salon.com, May 2003 -- http://dir.salon.com/news/feature/2000/05/03/nazi/index.html

    • Operation Paperclip Casefile -- http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Fascism/Operation_Paperclip_file.html

      Joanne Tuck, "Preliminary Study on Ethics and German Engineers
      During the Nazi Period", Context, Spring, 1999
      -- http://www.wit.edu/Academics/HSSM/context/vol2/tuck.html
    Space Agency Negligence
     See also the references under Operation Paperclip

    • Apollo 204 Review Board, Final Reports, April 5, 1967 --
      http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollo204/content.html
      (Report of Apollo 204 Review Board, NASA Historical Reference Collection,
      NASA History Office, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC.)

      The "Findings, Determinations and Recommendations" in the report of
      the 1967 fire that killed Grissom, White, and Chaffee stated that:

      "Those organizations responsible for the planning, conduct and safety of this test failed
      to identify it as being hazardous. Contingency preparations to permit escape or rescue of the
      crew from an internal Command Module fire were not made.
      *No procedures for this type of emergency had been established either for the
      crew or for the spacecraft pad work team.
      *The emergency equipment located in the White Room and on the spacecraft work levels
      was not designed for the smoke condition resulting from a fire of this nature.
      *Emergency fire, rescue and medical teams were not in attendance.
      *Both the spacecraft work levels and the umbilical tower access arm contain
      features such as steps, sliding doors and sharp turns in the egress paths
      which hinder emergency operations."

      Adequate safety precautions were neither established nor observed for this test."

      According to Linda Hunt, (Secret Agenda, pp 223) there is evidence
      that Kurt Debus, who was Director of the Kennedy Space Center, was negligent both in approving
      the mission and in not seeing that adequate fire fighting equipment was on hand.
      Debus had been an engineer at the Nazi missile factory at Peenemunde.

    • "Dark Side of the Moon", -- http://www.apollo1.info/index.htm
      Gus Grissom's son Scott, an airline pilot, presents evidence that the Apollo 1 spacecraft
      his Father died in was sabotaged. (Note that this site is currently not available)

    • R. P. Feynman, "Personal Observations on Reliability of Shuttle",
      Report of the PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION on the Space Shuttle
      Challenger Accident      , June 6th, 1986 Washington, D.C. --
      http://history.nasa.gov/rogersrep/v2appf.htm (NASA History Office)

      Nobel Prize winning physicist Richard Feymann observes that the
      discrepencies between NASA pr and the reality of chances of failure,
      stating that "It would appear that, for whatever purpose, be it for internal
      or external consumption, the management of NASA exaggerates the
      reliability of its product, to the point of fantasy."

    • Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, June 6th,
      1986 Washington, D.C.
      -- http://history.nasa.gov/rogersrep/genindex.htm

      In the section titled "An Accident Rooted in History" , the Commission
      states that: "The Space Shuttle's Solid Rocket Booster problem began
      with the faulty design of its joint and increased as both NASA and contractor
      management first failed to recognize it as a problem,
      then failed to fix it and finally treated it as an acceptable flight risk.

      Morton Thiokol, Inc., the contractor, did not accept the implication
      of tests early in the program that the design had a serious and
      unanticipated flaw. NASA did not accept the judgment of its engineers
      that the design was unacceptable, and as the joint problems grew in
      number and severity NASA minimized them in management briefings and reports."

    • Yahoo, Moon Missions > Apollo
      http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Space/Exploration/Missions/Moon/Apollo_Project/Individual_Missions/Apollo_1/

    • Underreported Space program accidents include the deaths of
      astronauts Vigil "Gus" Grissom, Edward White, and Roger Chaffee in
      a fire during a spacecraft test on January 27, 1967 and the deaths of
      technicians John Gerald Bjornstad, Forrest Cole, and
      on March 19, 1981 in a Space Shuttle launch pad accident.
    Human Experimentation
    Regulations for Human and Animal Experimentation
    My quest to understand the potential for the misuse of science and technology in systems
    of surveillance and control has been a difficult and unsought responsibility
    that began in part because I had the background to do the research.

    Decisions that result in terrible misuses of technology can made without adequate understanding or
    ethical consideration. I believe that we all have the responsibility to use our skills and gifts
    to the best of our ability to work for a better future.
    Judy Malloy
    Poet and artist Judy Malloy has worked as an information specialist, abstracter,
    and indexer in the areas of chemical engineering, biotechnology, and aerospace R&D, including
    Technical Librarian for Electromagnetic Research Corporation in Maryland and Technical
    Librarian for Ball Brothers Research Corporation in Colorado, (now Ball Aerospace &
    Technologies Corp.) where she was instrumental in the design of a computerized catalog.
    She has also worked as an editor for the Union Catalog at the Library of Congress in
    Washington DC.

    From 1993-1997, she was a Consultant in Electronic Communities and the Document of the
    Future at Xerox PARC.
    Compiled by as a resource for Revelations of Secret Surveillance,
    Concerto for Narrative Data, Iowa Review Web 9:2, 2008,
    The Wedding Celebration of Gunter and Gwen,
    and Ask for Sanctuary

    Last Update: November 20, 2009

    • and