• You need to learn and use the tools (words, sound).
• There is innovation in how they are used
• Language changes culture- makes it more complex

• Cultural Side- new groups formed, shared language and shared tools and shared clothing and shared past. Beginning of trade, and systematic migration.
• Social Side- Strategies of conquering, strategies of trade. Social Stratification and hierarchies.
• Skills- need to learn how to use, and remember speech. Need to learn to speak. Need mnemonics to remember. Oral recitals organized as performance with mnemonics.
• Material- sound. It disappears when over. Can only be transmitted to far. Can't be stored.
• Other Media- changes art, but hard to know 'meaning' of the art without the story.
• What is left out- storage, distribution are weak.

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