• Chinese/Koreans- used paper, and printed with blocks
• but ideograph (script) makes it unsuited for type
• alphabet would be a key invention.

• Gutenberg
• wants to break into the 'mass production' market
• life: goldsmith experiments 1440 as exile; 1450 exploits invention; 1455 Furst forecloses; 1465 gets pension from archbishop, 1468 dies penniless
• innovations: metal type, excellent ink, wine frame

• Incunabula (1450-1500 ce.)
• 'Cradle Period'- first 50 years - 2 'generations'
• 1450-1480 - first generation- books look like manuscripts-
• collectors want what they know; past oriented
• made to look like handwriting; older texts printed first
• 1480-1500 - second generation- they didn't know the old system
• innovations- page numbers, titles, foot notes
• new jobs- early copyists fear for job- yet demand for secretaries improved their low
• new collaboration- scientists meet with printers

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