• A Scientific Revolution
• Tables, diagrams- create new tools and perspectives
• Increase in Shared Data/Information
• Guilds had kept 'trade' knowledge to themselves
• Need to protect the ownership of that knowledge- copyright developed-
• Expansion and integration of scientific communication and community
• Letters, new books and availability
• New professional societies govern themselves
• New Talent- expansion of learning
• Francis Bacon (1600) summarizes new science
• Inductive Method- book of nature replaces books of old
• Publish Results- Put them in the Public Domain
• 'Scientific Societies' - to assess results and theories

• A National Revolution
• Rise of National Languages- now one "French"
• New concern with borders
• New mechanisms for central control
• Decline of old central authorities- Rome, etc.
• Rise of a literate public who want to rule themselves

• A Religious Revolution
• Rise of a reading public- don't want intermediaries
• Protection from the New Nation-States
• New access to ancient texts- rethinking the past
• Undermining old authorities, and the rise of new ones
• Protestants *promote* reading, adopting new comm. Tech.

• A Business Revolution
• New ways to keep records- rise of modern capitalism
• Need statistical tables, complex agreements
• spreading the risk
• Mail system revives to coordinate news, activity; part of an information revolution

• An Individuality Revolution?
• Reading for oneself
• More abstract, ideological? Less integrative?

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