2887 - Aries became the constellation that rose in the east just before the sun (rose heliacally) on March 21

? The Aegean Bronze Age begins around 3000 BC when civilizations first established a far-ranging trade network. This network imported tin and charcoal to Cyprus, where copper was mined and alloyed with the tin to produce bronze. Bronze objects were then exported far and wide, and supported the trade. Isotopic analysis of the tin in some Mediterranean bronze objects indicates it came from as far away as Great Britain.[citation needed] - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age

2900 - Sumerian Dynastic period begins. [Ur major trading center] > until the rise of Babylon in the early 2nd millennium BC.) (Wikipedia)
2850 - Rabel cave in Luzon, Philippines - agriculture
2850 - 1550 SE Asia second cultural phase - soft geometric pottery

Presence of domestic horses in the Afanasievo culture of southern Siberia by the third millennium (Mallory, 162)
It is in the Gorgan region that the domestic horse first appears in the Near East about 3000-2250 BC. (Mallory)

Vučedol culture - 3000 - 2200 BC, centered in eastern Slavonia on the right bank of the Danube river, but possibly spreading throughout the Pannonian plain. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vučedol_culture (Copper Age)

2800 - the Maritime Bell Beaker form began to evolve in Portugal (Cunliffe) (OB, 268) - spread by maritime trade along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts and also to the western (but not eastern) British Isles (OB, 266, figure 5.12b)

2800 - Stonehenge: construction

2800-2500 - The Early Helladic is marked by the arrival in Greece of an agricultural population that probably did not speak an IE language, whose culture probably soon diverged from its origins in the Cyclades. Very little is known of this society except that the basic techniques of bronze-working were first developed in Anatolia, and cultural contacts with Western Anatolia were maintained. Their arrival coincides with the beginning of the Bronze Age in Greece. The Early Helladic period corresponds in time to the Old Kingdom in Egypt. Important Early Helladic sites are clustered on the Aegean shores of the mainland in Boeotia and Argolid (Lerna, Pefkakia, Thebes, Tiryns) or coastal islands such as Aegina (Kolonna) and Euboea (Lefkandi, Manika) and are marked by pottery showing Western Anatolian influences and the introduction of the fast-spinning version of the potter's wheel. The large "longhouse" called a megaron is introduced in EH II. The infiltration of Anatolian cultural models was not accompanied by widespread site destruction. No similar Early Helladic material has yet been positively identified in the interior of the Peloponnesus. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helladic_period - [see megaron in Africa in ?WG?]
Early Helladic I 2800-2500 ---- Early Helladic II 2500-2300 ---- Early Helladic III 2300-2100
2800-1060 Helladic period - Wikipedia

Early Harappan/Mature Harappan Transition 2800-2700 BC (Kumal, Nausharo, Kot Diji)
Mature Harappan 2700-1900 BC (Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Shortgua, Lothal) - http://archaeology.about.com/od/iterms/qt/indus.htm

2780 - start of Egyptian Sothic year cycle - The Sothic cycle or Canicular period is a period of 1461 ancient Egyptian years (of 365 days each) or 1460 Julian years (averaging 365.25 days each). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sothic_cycle
According to Roman writer Censorinus, the Egyptian New Year's Day fell on July 20 in the Julian Calendar in 139 AD, which was a heliacal rising of Sirius in Egypt. From this it is possible to calculate that the previous occasion on which this occurred was 1322 BC, and the one before that was 2782 BC. This latter date has been postulated as the time when the calendar was invented, but Djer's reign preceded that date. Other historians push it back another whole cycle, to 4242 BC. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_calendar

2750 Legendary Gilgamesh rules Uruk, Enmebaragesi & Agga rule Kish - http://history-world.org/timeline.htm

2750 - Aryan Bak Sing tribes migrate from Sumer to Northern India and to China down the silk road. They also diffuse to other parts of the world setting up new civilizations, or improving old ones in Europe and the Americas. http://www.goldenageproject.org.uk/chronology.html
[Mysteries of the Past, 1977, page 59: 2750 Avebury mound in Wiltshire.]

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Mayan Sacred Calendar: National Underworld: Heaven 2: Night 1: Inner Assimilation - 2721 - 2326
2720 - Fifth date in Mayan calendar (November 15)
---------------------------------- H I S T O R Y B E G I N S ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2700 - Iron Smelting at KenanTepe, Eastern Turkey. http://www.goldenageproject.org.uk/chronology.html
2700 - 1450 Minoan culture - Bronze Age - arose on Crete - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoan_civilization
2700 - Egypt metals (Diop)
2700 - 2137 Egypt: Old Kingdom
2700 - Egyptian hieroglyphic script was a complete set of uniliteral glyphs = writing
2700 - Elam - Wikipedia
2700 - Sumerian historic record opens; syllabic writing started to develop from the early pictograms.
"There was a complete set of uniliteral glyphs from at least 2700 BCE — that is, the hieroglyphic script contained an alphabetic subsystem within it." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Bronze_Age_alphabets#Origin_of_the_alphabet
2670 - 2570 3rd Dynasty Pharaohs began dispatching mining expeditions to Serabit el-Khadim in Sinai for turquoise.
2650 - Pharaoh Djoser step pyramid - Egypt
2627 - Peru: Caral - pyramids
2600 - The two greatest Indus Valley cities, Mohenjo-Daro and Harrappa, emerged. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harapa
2600 - various sites in the Indus Valley: able to perforate hard stones: harder tip drills??
2600 - Discovery of America via the Bering Sea, recorded at the petroglyphs of Dissignac, Brittany (SunGod)
2600 - Peru: Caral pyramids: cotton > fishing nets traded from the coast
2596 - 2525 Pyramid Texts inscribed on the tomb walls of the Fifth- and Sixth-Dynasty pyramids at Saqqara.
2550 - 2525 - Khafre: Sphinx head remodeled into a Pharaoh (Gods of Eden)

"At its peak, the Indus Valley civilization rivaled, and in some respects surpassed, the contemporary civilization of Mesopotamia and Egypt. Centered on its two great cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa . . ., its territories extended from the mouth of the Indus a thousand miles northeast to the upper part of the Ganges river system, and from the Gulf of Cambay nearly five hundred miles west along the shores of the Arabian Sea. . . . larger than Egypt and Mesopotamia put together, . . . from before 2500 to around 1700 B.C. "The people raised wheat, barley, peas, melons, and sesame, and were perhaps the first in the world to plant cotton; their domestic animals included cattle - both the humped, zebu type found in India today, and western-looking, straight-backed breeds - the buffalo, and, perhaps, the elephant . . . traded . . . Their cities included enormous granaries of mud-brick (adobe) faced with baked brick, great "baths" . . . . and the world's first sewage systems. At Lothal, at the head of the Gulf of Cambay, they built another remarkable and unique structure: an artificial basin for shipping, some 710 feet long by 120 feet wide."" [Mysteries of the Past, 1977, near page 240]

2525 - 525 almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for 2000 years. Sumerian cities were surrounded by defensive walls. The Sumerians engaged in siege warfare - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumer

third millennium BCE - appearance of Hurrians in Kurdistan, kingdom lasted over 1000 years. [IE?]
2500 - Hurrians (also Khurrites) - N Mesopotamia and areas to the immediate east and west - agglutinative language - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurrian
----------------------------------
2500 Orion pattern to Giza = lowest point of Orion

2500 Evidence of 'Fifth Ancient Civilization' Found in China

Chinese and Japanese archaeologists claim they have discovered in China's southwestern province of Sichuan evidence of the fifth ancient civilization, Japan's Kyodo News reported Monday, October 28 1996. The evidence is an earthen stage, unearthed during a joint archaeology project and estimated to date back 4,500 years. It was found among the remains of an ancient castle near the banks of the Yangtze River 56 miles (90 km) southwest of the city of Chengdu.

2500 - 1500 B.C., Austronesians spread south to the rest of the Philippine islands, Celebes (modern-day Sulawesi), Borneo, the Moluccas (modern-day Maluku), and Java. [wrong: can't be AD] - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_people

2400 - 1900 BC - Qijia culture - early Bronze Age culture distributed around the upper Yellow River region of western Gansu (centered in Lanzhou) and eastern Qinghai, China. Extensive domestication of horses are found at many Qijia sites. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qijia_culture

ca. 2500 - 2000/1700 - The Hattians - central and southeastern parts of Anatolia, Turkey. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattians

2400-2200 Akkad - Wikipedia

2400 and 2250 B.C. - Ebla city archives: still being translated.
"The tablets, which are still being intensively studied, reveal that Ebla in the middle of the third millennium B.C. was the capital of a huge and unsuspected Canaanite empire, a superpower to rival that of Egypt and Mesopotamia. [Plus] "Biblical" personal names and place names - including the name of Abraham!
"A-bra-mu . . . E-sa-um . . . Ish-ma-ilu . . . Sa-'u-lum . . . Da-'u-dum . . .Is-ra-ilul
"place names . . . Hazor, Gaza, Lachish, Megiddo, 'Akko, Sinai . . . Sodom and Gomorrah . . . Urusalima
"the third and greatest of the six kings of Ebla between 2400 and 2250 B.C. . . . Ebrum . . . Eber in Genesis, the great-great grandson of Noah, the great-great-great-great grandfather of Abraham . . . [Discovery of Lost Worlds]

(2400) The Maritime Bell Beaker - Cunliffe Atlantic facade trade and culture network through which metal-mining and possibly Celtic languages were introduced to the British Atlantic fringe. (OB, 268)
(third millennium - 'Beaker People' appeared all over the coasts and up the rivers of western Europe)
The distributions of so-called Maritime Bell Beakers, a distinct form of pottery traded along the Atlantic and western Mediterranean coasts of France, Britain, Spain and northern Italy in the early third millennium BC are remarkably coincident with the map of inscriptional evidence for celtic languages over two thousand years later. (OB)
= markers for an Atlantic facade trade and culture network through which metal-mining and possibly Celtic languages were introduced to the British Atlantic fringe from 4,400 years ago.
So although the original genesis of Bell Beakers, as a general pottery type, was in north-west Europe, they evolved in the different parts of the west and eventually entered Britain as two broad types, reinforcing the now long-standing west/east division. Whether celtic languages arrived at this time or were already established as a trade network language in the earliest megalithic phase is a matter of speculation. I prefer the latter view. Both these routes of entry of beakers to the British Isles had some connection with the use of copper. For the Atlantic coast there was the attraction of the copper mines in Ireland and Wales, while for the east coast there was no local copper and prestige items had to be traded probably from the Balkans, where the copper age had started long before, during the Early Neolithic. (OB, 268)

2400 - 2200 The beginning of the Irish Bronze Age: several centuries of unalloyed copper production, contemporary with the use of Beaker pottery. http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ore_to_metal2.htm
2400- 2000 Ross Island ... Co. Kerry ... the mines were in operation (Cunliffe in OB)
The first of the mythological invasions would have been at about the same time as the very earliest copper mining in Ireland, at Ross Island. (OB)
Cunliffe notes that 'the earliest [Irish] metallurgy seems to be coeval with the appearance of the earliest beakers' (OB)

2400-1900 Yemen megalith - http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/279/5356/1452

[t]he main source of copper in the northern part of the Atlantic zone in the third and second millennia [nc] was Ireland ... Two major mining complexes have been located in the south ot the country, together spanning the period from c.2400 to 1500 BC ... The earliest so far known is at Ross Island ... Co. Kerry ... the mines were in operation from 2400 to 2000 BC ... (OB, 103)

"Invasion of Britain by a bronze-weaponed, broad-headed, beaker-making, avenue-building people from Spain by way of S France & the Rhine. Further immigration of long-heads from the Baltic, and from SE Europe by way of the Rhine. Cremation and the less ostentatious though better furnished round barrows were introduced. The leaf-shaped arrow-heads persisted, as in France burials until early Imperial times; but the characteristic type was barbed & tanged in shape of fir-tree."(2000 - 1500) (WG) (WRONG - it was earlier]
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2350 - Well researched and documented evidence of the final collapse of the great Bronze Age Civilizations, due to massive global cometary debris explosions, specifically affecting the area from the Mediterranean to India, leading to global changes in climate, and further desiccation of the main deserts. Sumer as a political entity ceases to exist.
http://www.goldenageproject.org.uk/chronology.html

2350 Sargon of Agade defeats Umma & takes over Sumer & Akkad & creates significant political & economic empire - http://history-world.org/timeline.htm

2334 - rice temper in pottery Gua Sireh cave in Sarawak (Borneo).

2334 - 2279- Sargon of Akkad (2270–2215) conquest of Sumerian city-states (Uruk), then later Mari, Yarmuti and Ebla as far as the Cedar Forest (Amanus) and the silver mountain (Taurus) - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sargon_of_Akkad

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Mayan Sacred Calendar: National Underworld: Heaven 3: Day 2: Germination - 2326 - 1932

23rd century - Hurrians' own inscriptions and texts in north Mesopotamia which date as early s the 23rd century BC, all speak for an additional non-I-E presence on the eastern borders of the Indo-Europeans of Anatolia. To their south were the lands of the Semites and (formerly) Sumerians, again non-I-E speakers. The natural conclusion to be drawn from all of this is that the Indo-European-speaking Anatolians were intrusive into central Anatolia and were unlikely to have emigrated from directly east or SE of this region where major non-I-E populations are historically attested. . . . foreign loanwords in Hittite and Luwian . . . I-E Anatolians had already undergone considerable assimilation to the culture of the non-I-E Anatolians before they appear in history. [In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology and Myth - J. P. Mallory 1989]

2278 - 2217 relatively peaceful, no wars in Middle East ??
Under Gutian ensi of Lagash, Gudea, ca. 2075 BC (short), Lagash had a golden age. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutian_period

The Hattians of north-eastern Anatolia, the predecessors of the Hittites: In close touch with the sources of copper, silver and, to a lesser degree, of gold . . . The treasures found in the royal tombs of Alaca Höyük, together with later discoveries at Horoztepe and Kayapinar HûyÄk, i.e., in the fertile district of Tokat--Amasya, show that they were skilled workers in metal and could turn that skill to good account. Gold vessels, jugs and goblets, are decorated with elaborate geometrical patterns in repoussé work, the shapes and to some extent the patterns being taken over from pottery originals; personal ornaments are executed in gold filigree or in granulated technique. Very remarkable are the animal figures solid-cast in copper and sometimes inlaid with silver, sometimes partly plated by dipping the copper core in an alloy of silver and lead; these oxen and stags are highly conventionalized but still vigorous and true to nature; here again a bulls' head in burnished clay with incised detail shows a similar style in a different medium. Animal figures are in many cases associated with the 'standards' of cast copper, flat circles, half-circles and squares filled in with an open network of criss-cross bars, swastikas, etc., through which may come a stag or a bull; an example from Horoztepe [which is certainly a sistrum] has a procession of deer, ibexes and lions round its rim. Horoztepe has also produced a copper statuette of a nude woman suckling an infant; two rather more crude female figures and one of a child come from a tomb at Alaca Höyük; in all of them there is a very definite feeling for the human body, a naturalness of posture and a softness of curves quite unusual in the primitive figurines of the Middle East; but those are qualities which, like the sympathetic realism of the animal figures, will be recognized again in later Hittite art. The Alaca Höyük tombs date from about 2200 B.C. [Woolley, so old dating?] http://www.noteaccess.com/Texts/Woolley/6.htm

2400 - 2200 - the Archer found buried near Stonehenge, who was born in the central Europe near the Alps, lived (OB, 267)

The Andronovo culture, or Sintashta-Petrovka culture is actually a collection of similar local Bronze Age cultures that flourished ca. 2300–1000 BCE in western Siberia and the west Asiatic steppe.
The geographical extent of the culture is vast and difficult to delineate exactly. On its western fringes, it overlaps with the approximately contemporaneous, but distinct, Srubna culture in the Volga-Ural interfluvial. To the east, it reaches into the Minusinsk depression, overlapping with the area of the earlier Afanasevo culture.[2] Additional sites are scattered as far south as the Koppet Dag (Turkmenistan), the Pamir (Tajikistan) and the Tian Shan (Kyrgyzstan). The northern boundary vaguely corresponds to the beginning the Taiga. In the Volga basin, interaction with the Srubna culture was the most intense and prolonged, and Federovo style pottery is found as far west as Volgograd.
Towards the middle of the 2nd millennium, the Andronovo cultures begin to move intensively eastwards. They mined deposits of copper ore in the Altai Mountains and lived in villages of as many as ten sunken log cabin houses measuring up to 30m by 60m in size. Burials were made in stone cists or stone enclosures with buried timber chambers.
In other regards, the economy was pastoral, based on horses and cattle, but also sheep and goats, with some agriculture in clear evidence.
The Andronovo culture is strongly associated with the Indo-Iranians and is often credited with the invention of the spoke-wheeled chariot around 2000 BCE.[3]
Sintashta is a site on the upper Ural River. It is famed for its grave-offerings, particularly chariot burials. These inhumations were in kurgans and included all or parts of animals (horse and dog) deposited into the barrow. Sintashta is often pointed to as the premier proto-Indo-Iranian site, and that the language spoken was still in the Proto-Indo-Iranian stage.[4] There are similar sites "in the Volga-Ural steppe".[5]
The identification of Andronovo as Indo-Iranian has been challenged by scholars who point to the absence of the characteristic timber graves of the steppe south of the Oxus River.[6] Sarianidi (as cited in Bryant 2001:207) states that "direct archaeological data from Bactria and Margiana show without any shade of doubt that Andronovo tribes penetrated to a minimum extent into Bactria and Margianian oases".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronovo_culture

2230 Gutian invasion disrupts unity of Sumer & Akkad - http://history-world.org/timeline.htm
2200-1900 - Middle East climate change (to dryer) (August 20, 1993 Oakland Tribune) - 300-year drought drove people out of northern cities in Mesopotamia
2200 - Oldest Chart of the Atlantic Ocean, recorded at the petroglyphs of Kercado, Brittany (SunGod)
2200 - The Southern Crossing from Portugal to Central America, recorded at the petroglyph of Chao Redondo, Portugal (SunGod)
2200 - The Northern Crossing from Portugal to America, recorded at the petroglyph of Chao Redondo, Portugal (SunGod)
2200 - A Nautical Center for Crossing the Ocean, recorded at North Salem, New Hampshire, North America (SunGod)
2200 - The Discovery of Bermuda, recorded at the Devil's Head Petroglyphis, Harmony, Maine (SunGod)

22nd - 20th centuries - central rule in Egypt broke down. John Darnell found contemporary references to an Egyptian named Bebi, General of the Asiatics. They speculate that, In the course of reunifying his fragmented realm, the reigning pharaoh attempted to pacify and employ roving bands of mercenaries who had come from outside Egypt to fight in the civil wars. Under Bebi's command, there must have been a small army of scribes in the military whose job it was to keep track of these "Asiatics". Scribes apparently came up with an easy-to-learn Egyptian shorthand to enable the captured troops to record their names and other basic information.The Egyptian alphabet was a utilitarian invention for soldiers and merchants. They developed a Semitic script in which the first sound of the Semitic name of an Egyptian glyph came to be the value of that glyph: i.e. the name of the hieratic glyph for house changed from Egyptian pr to Canaanite bayt, and the glyph came to stand for /b/. House and most of the other letters were not uniliteral glyphs in Egyptian: the Semitic alphabet is not derived from the existing Egyptian alphabet, but rather from the full set of hieratic hieroglyphs. [writing] - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Bronze_Age_alphabets
            Phoenicians say Taautus (Thoth, inventor of writing), founded Egyptian civilisation

2175 Gudea rules Lagash - http://history-world.org/timeline.htm
2160 - The centralized power of Memphis fell. Egypt divided.
2150 Gutian dynasty of Sumer
ca. 2150 - 2000 Stonehenge II - http://www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/s/stonehenge.html
2134 - 1786 Egypt: Middle Kingdom
2110 Ur-Nammu of Ur unifies Sumer & Akkad - http://history-world.org/timeline.htm

2100 - Uai Bobo in Timor - agriculture

This period is generally taken to coincide with a major shift in population from southern Iraq toward the north. Ecologically, the agricultural productivity of the Sumerian lands was being compromised as a result of rising salinity. Soil salinity in this region had been long recognised as a major problem. Poorly drained irrigated soils, in an arid climate with high levels of evaporation, led to the buildup of dissalved salts in the soil, eventually reducing agricultural yields severely. During the Akkadian and Ur III phases, there was a shift from the cultivation of wheat to the more salt-tolerant barley, but this was insufficient, and during the period from 2100 BC to 1700 BC, it is estimated that the population in this area declined by nearly 3/5ths. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumer

2100 - 1700 chariot: [also see: Archaeology magazine, March/Aprl 1995]
2100 Tying of the horse to the Chariot in Northern Kazakhastan by the Sintashta and Petrovka culture -
The Sintashta and Petrovka cultures are a sub-culture of the larger Andronovo Culture . There is evidence of the Andronovo Culture’s continued presence in the Southern Russia/Northern Kazakhstan area till 1000 BC. Interestingly, the Sintashta & Petrovka Sub-Cultures, who buried chariots and gave us the evidence, lasted from 2100-1700 BC. And even more interestingly, the Fedorovo sub-culture show evidence of cremation and fire worship dated 1500-1300 BC.
http://www.sastwingees.org/2008/03/01/the-real-history-of-india-part-7-chariots-horses-and-thunderbolts/

------------------------- Indo-Europeans expansion into western-central Europe start = Patriarchal ----------------------------------------------
2100-1550 - The Middle Helladic begins with the wide-scale settlement in Greece of a people whom archaeologists title the Minyans; a group of monochrome burnished pottery from Middle Helladic (and EH III) sites was conventionally dubbed "Minyan" ware by Troy's discoverer Heinrich Schliemann. Until about 1960, Gray Minyan ware was often identified as the pottery of northern invaders who destroyed Early Helladic civilization ca. 1900 BCE and introduced Middle Helladic material culture into the Greek peninsula; excavations at Lerna have revealed the development of pottery styles to have been continuous. In general, painted pottery decors are rectilinear and abstract until Middle Helladic III, when Cycladic and Minoan influences inspire a variety of curvilinear and even representational motifs. The Middle Helladic period corresponds in time to the Middle Kingdom of Egypt. Settlements draw more closely together and tend to be sited on hilltops. Middle Helladic sites are located throughout the Peloponnese and central Greece (including sites in the interior of Aetolia such as Thermon) as far north as the Spercheios River valley. Malthi in Messenia is the only Middle Helladic site to have been thoroughly excavated, but Lerna V will be the type site when it is fully published (Rutter). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helladic_period

2000–1500: Catacomb culture north of the black sea. The chariot is invented, leading to the split and rapid spread of Iranian and Indo-Aryan from the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex over much of Central Asia, Northern India, Iran and Eastern Anatolia. Proto-Anatolian is split into Hittite and Luwian. The pre-Proto-Celtic Unetice culture has an active metal industry (Nebra skydisk). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages

Achaens entered Greece & founded Mycenae [2200]- http://www.eliznik.org.uk/EastEurope/History/balkans-map/early-bronze.htm
ca 1900 - "The first Greeks to invade Greece were the Achaeans who broke into Thessaly, patriarchal herdsmen who worshipped an Indo-European male trinity of gods." They mixed with existing population, Pelasgians ("seafarers"). (WG,chapter 4)


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Mayan Sacred Calendar: National Underworld: Heaven 4: Night 2: Resistance - 1932 - 1538

Assyria a large kingdom: Old (20th to 15th c. BC), Middle (15th to 10th c. BC), Neo-Assyrian (911–612 BC). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyria

2030 Elamites disrupt unity of Sumer & Akkad - http://history-world.org/timeline.htm
2020 Ishbi-Erra the Amorite ruler of Isin seeks to rebuild unity in the land - http://history-world.org/timeline.htm

2000 - Third sudden drought leading to the rapid drying up of many of Africa's lakes, leaving layers of dead fish in the sediments. http://www.goldenageproject.org.uk/chronology.html

2000 - DACO-THRACIA

2000 - Discovery of America, recorded at Stonehenge, England, Britain (SunGod)

Barley was introduced into China proper 2000 B.C., the same time it was brought into Britain. (The Key)

Max Mallowan, British archeologist: shell (Cypraea vitellus) from Indian Ocean found in 4000 BC Chagar Bazar, in landlocked northern Syria" (mid-1930s). "A large, organized trading network was flourishing in the area 2000 BC. One of the most important trading centers was "Ur of the Chaldees.Trade was in the hands of the alik-Dilmun, a group of seafaring merchants, who took the manufactured products of Ur, particularly cloth and readymade clothes, to a city called Dilmun (or Telmun), where they bartered them for copper, red gold, lapis lazuli, ivory and items made from it, eye paint, timber, and "fish-eyes" (pearls?)
"For a long time archeologists have suspected Dilmun to be on the island of Bahrain in the Persian Gulf . . . British archeologist Geoffrey Bibby . . . . discovered the remains of an ancient port on the north coast. Among the many artifacts uncovered there were soapstone stamping seals used to register the contents of a cargo or shipment of goods. . . . an expert on classical archeology in Aarhus, in Denmark, [suggested] that these seals were identical to some found during the excavations in the 1930s at Ur."But even more remarkable was the discovery of similar seals found amid the ruins of the city of Mohejo-Daro in the Indus Valley . . .
"Trade records found at Ur mention two places, Magan and Meluhha . . . It is thought that Magan was on the north shore of the Persian Gulf, in present-day Iran, and that Meluhha, from where Ur received its shells and ivory, is farther away on the coast of the Indian Ocean in the Indus Valley. . . . Five small stone weights, made of polished chert, a flint-like quartz, found in Dilmun were identical in type and weight to those known to have been used in Mohenjo-Daro and its sister-city of Harappa. . . . [Quest for the Past, page 32]

Around 1900 BC the Tuatha De Danann, skilled artisans, replaced the Firbolgs and supplied another series of nine kings, who ruled Ireland for a further two hundred years, until 1700 BC. (OB)
= NEW DATES: ca 400 years earlier than traditional: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Kings_of_Ireland

2000 - 1400 - Wessex, already the ritual centre of England during the Neolithic, continued its dominance during the Bronze Age,
with lavish, rich individual burials replacing communal graves. (OB, 272)
2000 - 1500 - precious metals joined the Neolithic trade routes, with items such as gold lunulae (ornaments in the shape of a crescent moon) moving from Ireland to Cornwall and Brittany. (OB, 273)

2000 - 1000 break-up of Mon-Khmer branch of Austro-Asiatic

Elamite invasion and sack of Ur during the rule of Ibbi-Sin (ca. 1940 BC), Sumer came under Amorite rule. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumer [ ?=? END OF SUMER?]
The Amorites were member of an ancient Semitic-speaking people who dominated the history of Mesopotamia, Syria, and Palestine from about 2000 to about 1600 BC. They were troublesome nomads and were believed to be one of the causes of the downfall of the 3rd dynasty of Ur (c. 2112-c. 2004 BC).
During the 2nd millennium BC the Akkadian term Amurru referred not only to an ethnic group but also to a language and to a geographic and political unit in Syria and Palestine. At the beginning of the millennium, a large-scale migration of great tribal federations from Arabia resulted in the occupation of Babylonia proper, the mid-Euphrates region, and Syria-Palestine. They set up a mosaic of small kingdoms and rapidly assimilated the Sumero-Akkadian culture. It is possible that this group was connected with the Amorites mentioned in earlier sources; some scholars, however, prefer to call this second group Eastern Canaanites, or Canaanites.
Almost all of the local kings in Babylonia (such as Hammurabi of Babylon) belonged to this stock. One capital was at Mari (modern Tall al-Hariri, Syria). Farther west, the political center was Halab (Aleppo); in that area, as well as in Palestine, the newcomers were thoroughly mixed with the Hurrians. The region then called Amurru was northern Palestine, with its center at Hazor, and the neighboring Syrian desert. - http://history-world.org/amorites.htm

1900s-1400s Assyria - Wikipedia

Late Harappan 1900-1500 BC (Lothal, Bet Dwarka) - http://archaeology.about.com/od/iterms/qt/indus.htm

1800 Iron age in India - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century_BC

1800 SCANDINAVIA bronze age? - http://www.britam.org/Questions/QuesPhoenicians.html
1800 BC: Beginning of the Nordic Bronze Age in the period system devised by Oscar Montelius. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century_BC

1900 Tuatha De Danaan arrive in Ireland
1800 Kings of Ireland = writing
1800 "first wave of Celts arrived in Britain"

1800 BCE - the Egyptian Wadi el-Hol script discovered in 1999 by John and Deborah Darnell [writing]

1800/1500 - 900 - Peru: first ceramics

Graves: "1800 BC" zodiac: goat at winter solstice, waterman, fish, ram at spring equinox, bull, twins, crab at summer solstice, lion, virgin, scales at fall equinox, scorpion, bowman(page 380-381) - the zodiac that is still in popular use

1793 - Pole Star became Kappa Draconis to approximately 1000 BC. However, because it is so much dimmer than nearby Kochab (Beta Ursae Minoris), Kochab was considered the pole star during that time instead.

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------------------------------------- Hittites & Hyksos -----------------------------
Around 1800 BC, for reasons yet unknown to archaeologists, tin became scarce in the Levant, causing a decline in bronze production. Copper, also, came to be in short supply. As a result, pirate groups around the Mediterranean, from around 1800-1700 BC onward, began to attack fortified cities in search of bronze, to remelt into weaponry. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age
1800-1100 Hittites, including Alaca Huyuk, Turkey
18th century - Hittites, who spoke an Indo-European language, established a kingdom centered at Hattusa in N-central Anatolia.
The Hittites displaced the previous occupants, the Hattians (who spoke a non-Indo-European language) - http://home.comcast.net/~chris.s/hittite-ref.html
1795 Rim-Sin of Larsa defeats Isin & takes over Sumer & Akkad - http://history-world.org/timeline.htm
1786 - first horse-drawn war chariots rolled into Egypt ( = Hyksos?)
1770 BC: Babylon, capital of Babylonia becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Thebes, capital of Egypt.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century_BC
1766 - 1763 - wars between the city-states of Babylon (& code of Hammurabi) - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammurabi
1760 Hammurapi of Babylon defeats Larsa & takes over Sumer & Akkad - http://history-world.org/timeline.htm
c. 1750 BC: Nomadic shepherds, the Aryans, enter India from Central Asia and the Russian steppes. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century_BC
c. 1750 BC: Vedic period starts in India. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century_BC
1750 - Cretans had colonized the Peloponnese
1749 BC – 1712 BC: Mesopotamian Rebellions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century_BC
1730 - Hyksos establish themselves at Avaris in Egyptian Nile delta.
?1724 - Hurrian and Hittite conquests start ???
1720 Shift of Euphrates River & collapse of life at Nippur & some other cities of Sumer - http://history-world.org/timeline.htm

In the taiga and forest-steppe zone, an important network of contacts stretched from the Ural mountains to the Altai, and gave rise to a common north-Eurasian metallurgical tradition based on the hollow casting of bronzes - http://www.csen.org/koryakova2/Korya.Bronze.html. This was the ancestor both of the Chinese bronze-casting tradition for ritual vessels of the Shang and Chou periods, and of advanced types of hollow-cast weapons and tools (spearheads, axes) in northern Europe. A further impact on Chinese technology was the incorporation of the steppe chariot-complex in the later Shang period.
Early second millennium BC - Seima-Turbino metallurgy, from the Urals to the Altai, typical products (e.g. socketed spearheads), found as far apart as the eastern Baltic, Bessarabia, the Baikal region and China. http://www.archatlas.org/EastWest/EastWest.php