Counterculture Timeline 1960-1963

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Counterculture Timeline: The Early Sixties: Folk Music and Idealism 1960-1963
	EVENTS	ARTS
	1945-1962 Silent generation (Artist) born 1925-1942 continues to turn 20
1960 6th	military budget 45.8 billion, 49.7% of U.S. budget what year? Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) formed - League for Industrial Democracy student department (origially from the Intercollegiate Socialist Society of 1905 - first president Jack London; members: Upton Sinclair, John Reed, Walter Lippman, and Young People's Socialist League) "Between 1957 and Feb. 1, 1960, there have been sit-ins in 16 cities." January 4 - Albert Camus (47) killed in a car crash outside Paris. The incomplete manuscript of The First Man, the autobiographical novel that Camus was working on, was found in the mud at the accident site and published by his daughter in 1995. Camus hoped that it would be his masterpiece and some critics think it is, even unfinished.	1960 MUSIC / CINEMA / PUBLISHING Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini, Are You Lonesome Tonight? (Elvis Presley i.e. It's Now or Never) Green Fields Everly Brothers: Cathy's Clown Drifters: Save the Last Dance for Me Shirelles: Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow? Kathy Young and the Innocents: A Thousand Stars in the Sky Hank Ballard: Finger Poppin' Time & original version of The Twist Chubby Checker, 19, records The Twist The Ventures: Walk Don't Run Alley-Oops [from Rhino catalog:] Tossin' and Turnin' / Runaway / Blue Moon / Please Mr. Postman / Mother-in-Law / The Shirelles: Will You Love Me Tomorrow / The Lion Sleeps Tonight / Bobby Vee: Take Good Care of My Baby / Quarter to Three Joan Baez first album (on Vanguard) Tom Lehrer Revisited album July - Tom Lehrer gives final performance Under the influence of Sean O'Riada, eight musicians meet in Ireland to form the Ceoltoiri Chualann; five of them later form the Chieftains. 60 television sets: US 85 million; Britain 10.5 million; West Germany 2 million; France 1.5 million TV: The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, My Three Sons, Andy Griffith Show, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Ed Sullivan, Father Knows Best (final year), I've Got a Secret, Perry Mason, The Twilight Zone Jean Paul Belmondo -&- Godard first, Breathless - U.S. hit Hiroshima Mon Amour [1959] Never on Sunday Exodus Big Deal on Madonna Street (Psycho: Hitchcock; The Alamo with John Wayne; The Apartment with Jack Lemmon; Butterfield 9 with Elizabeth Taylor; Can-Can with Frank Sinatra & Shirley MacLaine; Cinderfella with Jerry Lewis; Elmer Gantry with Burt Lancaster; Spartacus with Kirk Douglas) Last Year at Marienbad - Alain Resnais Lisa and David Paul Goodman: Growing Up Absurd Black Like Me: John Howard Griffin John Updike: Rabbit, Run Allen Watts: Beat Zen, Square Zen, & Zen Kerouac: Visions of Cody, Kerouac: The Scripture of Golden Eternity Ginsberg: Kaddish To Kill a Mockingbird - Harper Lee* John Barth: The Sotweed Factor Summerhill: A Radical Approach to Child Rearing - A.S. Neill "Major poetry-world shaker", The New American Poetry (edited by Donald M. Allen) UK: Eddie Cochran, r&r, favorite of the Teddy Boys, dies Lord Buckley records "Bad-Rapping of the Marquis de Sade" at the Gold Nugget in Oakland, California March - Jean Tinguely (Swiss) - kinetic motion machine "junk sculpture" entitled "Homage to New York" is allowed to destroy itself in the garden of the New York Museum of Modern Art Pop Art emerges (Roy Lichtenstein, James Rosenquist, Andy Warhol); + first public show of work by Robert Rauschenberg
Feb 1	Greensboro, N. Car.: first day of Woolworth counter "sit-in" by four freshmen college students from North Carolina A & T (Joseph McNeil, 18; Ezell Blair, Jr; Franklin McCain; and David Richmond) (after 16 similar demonstrations in the previous 3 years); [teachers: *Douglas Moore, George Thomas] arrests include: Diane Nash, John Lewis, James Bevel; by February 2, they are joined by 25 others; by February 5, by over 300.
Feb 13	France becomes the fourth nuclear power
By Feb 16	Civil rights sit-in's have spread to 15 cities in North & South Carolina, Florida, Virginia, & Tennessee; by February's end, 31 Southern cities in 8 states
Feb	Media discovers that Tennessee Negro sharecroppers who have been evicted from their farms for registering to vote are forming "Freedom Village" tent cities
March	Montgomery, Alabama: denied ability to join sit-ins for fear of jeopardizing the state support of their college; half the student body of Alabama State sing "The Star-Spangled Banner" on the state capitol steps & march back to campus; their leaders are expelled. Civil rights sit-in's at lunch counters in northern cities; also in 40 new cities in Georgia, West Virginia., Texas, Arkansas
March 3	Elvis Presley leaves army after end of service
March 19	South Africa: Sharpeville Massacre (at new pass law demo): police open fire on South Africans burning id. cards; 63 shot in the back, 13,000 jailed; African National Congress (ANC) and Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) banned; Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe, founding president of the Pan Africanist Congress, sent to prison. About 11 African countries gain their independence from April 1960 - April 1961
Apr 2-3	Nearly 100 student sit-in'rs from 19 states attend workshop at Highlander School; Guy Carawan teahces them 1930s labor songs: We Shall Not Be Moved, Keep Your Eyes on the Prize, This Little Light of Mine, We Shall Overcome
April 8	Odetta at Carnegie Hall
by April mid April	Sit-ins in 54 cities in nine states [Gitlin] 50,000 students have participated in sit-ins [Democracy Is In The Streets]
Apr 15	Nearly 150 students from nine states meet in North Carolina with Ella Baker, James Lawson & MLK & form SNCC ("April 17")
Apr 21	Senate passes Civil Rights Act
Apr 28	Alan Haber & SLID/SDS host first conference on Human Rights at the University of Michigan; Farmer & Harrington speak
April	California: Protests against the death sentence for Caryl Chessman (executed May 2)
May 1	Francis Gary Powers shot down in U-2 over USSR (public discovers spy flights have been routine)
May 6	Civil Rights Act signed by ??
May 13	SLATE sit-in outside HUAC hearings (San Francisco City Hall), police attack 200 protestors --> on national TV
May - early	All 160 million Americans participate in the seventh national air-raid alert
May 9	First oral contraceptive, Enovid, licensed
May	Payola Scandel (radio)
June 13	Newsweek: apathy of students - get this xx
June	Baez & Seeger sing at Newport Folk Festival, which is ended with a hootenanny
sum-mer ?	Holiday magazine: Kerouac "mid-year": Malcolm X starts Muslim newspaper "Mohammed Speaks"
sum-mer	Gerde's Folk City in Greenwich Village starts holding Monday night hootenannys University of Michigan Daily editor Tom Hayden, having read Kerouac's On the Road, hitchhikes to California & meets SLATE members in Berkeley Trailways & several southern department store chains desegregate their lunch counters
mid-1960	Sidney Cohen's survey of 5,000 individuals who had taken LSD 25,000 times concludes it is safe
Aug 9	Timothy Leary, 39, tries psilocybin mushrooms in Cuernavaca
Aug 16	Beatles leave for their first trip to Hamburg, Germany (Lennon, 19, is the oldest)
fall 7th	Back at University of Michigan, Hayden founds VOICE Leary returns to Harvard, secures a supply of psilocybin from Sandoz, & starts the Harvard Project; also makes contact with Huxley and his group: Gerald Heard (Huxley's friend from England's Bloomsbury group), Humphrey Osmond (English psychiatrist in Canada), Al Hubbard Fall: France - the war in Algeria had been going on for six years. Circles of independent leftists who actively supported the FLN. Some ferried arms, men, money and papers for the Algerians. Called the Jeanson Network, the heart of the group was arrested and was to go on trial on September 6, 1960. The day before, the text of what was to come to be known as the Manifesto of the 121 was released. It calls on draftees to refuse to fight in the Algerian War, cosigners include Simone de Beauvoir & Jean Paul Sartre
Oct 12	Khruschev bangs shoe on desk at the United Nations
Oct 19	MLK & 35 students choose jail after arrest for sit-in requesting service at the snack bar of Atlanta's Rich's department store
Oct 25	MLK, held over on old traffic ticket charges, is denied bail & sentenced to four months hard labor
Oct 26	JFKennedy calls Coretta King & RFK call helps MLK's release (& JFK p.r.)
Nov	President Eisenhower tries to cut US foreign military spending causing gold drain; warns against power of the "military-industrial complex"; US sends troops to Nicaragua & Guatemala
Nov 2	Charles Van Doren is among 13 contestants on television show "21" admits producers of the TV quiz game "Twenty-One" fixed the show by providing him with questions and answers. He was later arrested for perjury for earlier testifying the opposite.
Nov 8	John Fitzgerald Kennedy defeats Nixon - (at 43, the youngest President ever) with 40% margin among Negro voters in key states, who shifted from 40 to 70% Democratic since the 1956 election
Nov 12	Lord Buckley dies [get more xx]
Nov 13	Sammy Davis Jr marries Swedish actress Mai Britt
Dec	Boynton vs. Virginia: Supreme Court prohibits segregation in waiting rooms & restaurants serving interstate bus passengers Birth control pills (Enovid) go on sale in the US [when were I.U.D.s?? - around 1962 also]
Dec 20	Look: The Explosive Generation (special issue) - editor George Leonard - [get this xx]
1960 when?	The Place & The Co-Existence Bagel Shop close in San Francisco's North Beach: "The Place" at 546 Grant was an underground Bohemian hangout from the ‘40s to the ‘60s. It was a center for showing underground painters (e.g. Wally Hedrick projected early liquid-light shows on the walls, and paintings by Robert LaVigne and Jy Defco hung here). "The Place" was managed by Knute Stiles and Leo Krikorian, both Black Mountain College alumni. What started as Dada Night evolved in the late ‘50s into Blabbermouth Night, an open social forum. 1398 Grant Avenue was the site of the Co-Existence Bagel shop where a delicatessen "collided" with a beer-joint-hangout and news center. It was immortalized by Bob Kaufman in Bagel Shop Jazz who describing its regulars as "shadow people… mulberry-eyed girls in black stockings, smelling vaguely of mint jelly… turtle neck angel guys… coffee-faced ivy Leaguers… who’s Harvard was a Fillmore District step." Sadly, the shop closed in 1960. North Beach Video is the current occupant. http://www.hotelboheme.com/sanfran/tour.html 1961 - Coffee and Confusion was at 1339 upper Grant Avenue Congress investigates Teamsters Union April 1959 to April 1961: Eleven African countries declare independence 1961 - Nineteen new nations emerge in Africa ?? Jane Jacobs organizes first successful urban renewal revolt (over West Greenwich Village) Construction began on Leisure World, Seal Beach, southern California, the first major planned retirement community of its type in the US; first residents moved in in 1962.

1961 7th	The Village Vanguard in New York is a famous jazz venue, including "John Coltrane's most stirring moments on stage". Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, Paul Simon turn 20	1961 MUSIC / CINEMA / PUBLISHING The Twist -> #1 record for the second time (-> Watusi, Hully-Gully, Stop & Swim, Mashed Potato +) Michael Row the Boat Ashore, Moon River, Big Bad John, Hit the Road Jack, Little Sister, Barbara Ann, Dion: Runaround Sue, Where the Boys Are, Ricky Nelson: Travelin Man, The Dovells: Bristol Stomp, Roy Orbison: Crying, Neil Sedaka: Happy Birthday, Sweet Sixteen, The Marvelettes: Please Mr. Postman, Chris Kenner: I Like It Like That, Ben E. King: Stand by Me, Elvis Presley: Surrender, Bobby Vee: Take Care of My Baby Surf guitarist Dick Dale "Let's Go Trippin'" becomes a hit Beach Boys formed, Hawthorne, California Bob Gibson, inspired to perform after seeing Pete Seeger in concert in 1954, with Hamilton “Bob” Camp records the first gold album of the folk boom, "Gibson and Camp at The Gate of Horn". "Live at the Gate of Horn," became one of the era's must-have records. Joan Baez: second album - goes gold Where Have All the Flowers Gone - Pete Seeger Ramblin' Jack Elliot starts Judy Collins first album TV: Ben Casey, The Defenders, The Dick Van Dyke Show, Dr. Kildare, The Untouchables Breakfast At Tiffany's, West Side Story [rechck-have as earlier] Truffaut: Jules et Jim Kurosawa: Yojimbo Godard: A Woman Is a Woman (his 3rd feature) - also with Belmondo Kerouac, Ginsberg, etc: Pull My Daisy (movie) (Babes in Toyland with Annette Funicello, Back Street, Blue Hawaii with Elvis Presley, El Cid, The Errand Boy with Jerry Lewis, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, The Guns of Navarone, West Side Story) Salinger's Franny and Zooey published as a book Baldwin: Nobody Knows My Name Eric Berne: Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy Carl Rogers: On Becoming A Person Robert Heinlein: Stranger in a Strange Land John Lilly: Man and Dolphin Jane Jacobs: The Death and Life of Great American Cities Miller's Tropic of Cancer finally legally published in US African Genesis - Robert Ardrey Harvard ?Student Union's first edition of Let's Go! Alan Watts speaking on campuses around US July - Michael Murphy and Dick Price open Esalen Institute in Big Sur
Jan 17, 1961	Eisenhower Farewell Address Our military organization today bears little relation to that known by any of my predecessors in peace time, or indeed by the fighting men of World War II or Korea. Until the latest of our world conflicts, the United States had no armaments industry. American makers of plowshares could, with time and as required, make swords as well. But now we can no longer risk emergency improvisation of national defense; we have been compelled to create a permanent armaments industry of vast proportions. Added to this, three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in the defense establishment. We annually spend on military security more than the net income of all United State corporations. This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence-economic, political, even spiritual-is felt in every city, every state house, every office of the Federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our society. In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together.
Jan 20, 1961	JFKennedy Inauguration speech "Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans--born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage--and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world." Bob Dylan, 19, shows up in Greenwich Village, plays harmonica for Fred Neil, performs at Izzy Young's Folklore Center on January 28; January 29 - visits Woody Guthrie in the hospital; end of January, performs at The Wha? Beatles debut at the Cavern Club - Lennon (21), McCartney (19), Harrison (18) Atlanta civil rights demonstrations (Life magazine: President Kennedy calls attention to Bomb Shelters) Patrice Lumumba, African nationalist leader, first prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, assassinated
Feb 1	(First anniversary of the Greensboro sit-in): demonstrations all across the southern US, including Nashville movie theater desegregation campaign (which sparks similar demos in 10 other cities); nine students arrested at lunch counter in Rock Hill, South Carolina choose to take 30 days hard labor on a road gang; the next week, four other students repeat the sit-in, also choose jail. (between Jan & May): University of Georgia: riots against admission of first two Negro students
Feb	Dylan performs at The Commons, The Gaslight, The Limelight, The Lion's Head, The Mill's Tavern, Art D'Lugoff's Village Gate, etc. - Feb 13 - Gerdes Folk City
Feb 18	Bertrand Russell, 89, & Committee of 100 lead march of 20,000 & sit-down of 5,000 in anti-nuclear demonstration outside U.K. Defense Ministry; Russell is jailed for 7 days
March (early)	Richard Alpert takes psilocybin as part of the Harvard Project
March	President John F. Kennedy March 1 - calls for creation of the Peace Corps March 21 - increases military aid to Indochina (= South Vietnam) March 28 - initiates 17 billion dollar nuclear missile program
March	Pete Seeger finally called to trial for HUAC silence
spring	Beatles back in Hamburg
Apr 9	(Sunday) hundreds of folkniks fight police because banned from Washington Square Park; 10 arrested
Apr 11 - 23	Dylan does first billed performance at Gerde's Folk City: two weeks opening for John Lee Hooker "MImi Baez and Joan Baez meet Dylan at Folk City on April 10"
Apr 12	USSR launches spacecraft Vostok ("east"): first man in space: Yuri Gagarin (27) - world's first piloted space mission.
Apr 13	East Germany begins constructing the Berlin Wall (? see Aug. 13, 1961)
Apr 16	? (one week after Apr 9) rally of 500 at Judson Memorial Church (re Washington Square Park banning)
Apr 17-25	Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba:1400 Cubans trained in the U.S. attempt to invade Cuba & are defeated by forces led by Castro
Apr 23	? ("two weeks later" was this Apr 30?) 2,000 demonstrate in Washington Square Park
Apr 30	A? ("one week later") another near riot Washington Square Park ---> adverse decision by state Supreme Court
May	President Kennedy calls for 12,000 new Marines, the training of new anti-guerilla units ("Special Forces"/"Green Berets"), and tripling of funds for fallout shelters & other civil defense programs
May 4	James Farmer & CORE leads Freedom Rides (biracial groups ride interstate buses & use station facilities to challenge non-?observance of 1957 & 1960 civil rights legislation
May 7	? ("one week later") Washington Square Park: singing without instruments [how was this resolved?]
May 14	First Freedom bus attacked & burned outside Anniston, Alabama & riders beaten
May 16	SNCC students replace CORE riders
May 21	Mobs attack First Baptist Church, Montgomery, Alabama
May 25	First American in space: Alan Shepard (blast off May 5) Montgomery, Alabama: violence breaks out Negro and white
May 28	Amnesty International founded (by English lawyer Peter Benenson & friends) with notice in the London Observer and the Paris Le Monde ["founded October 15, 1962"]
June	President Kennedy first summit (Vienna) with USSR's Nikita Khrushchev "diplomatic setback": Khrushchev threatens to take over West Berlin Nearly 200 more arrested & jailed (Montgomery, Alabama??)
July 21	Second American in space: Grissom
Aug 6	A sit-down demonstration took place at a US Polaris Base in which 20,000 people attended a rally and 5,000 sat down and risked arrest. On August 6, 1961 ("Hiroshima Day") they met at Hyde Park, and Russell (88) illegally used a microphone. He was arrested and convicted of inciting the public to civil disobedience; his sentence was commuted to one week.
Aug 7	Bob Moses (& SNCC) begins first voter registration school in Mississippi (McComb, Fayette County)
August	USSR announces reumption of nuclear tests in the atmosphere
Aug 13	East German border guards begin construction of Berlin Wall (huh? see 1960 April)
Aug 29	Bob Moses beaten while trying to register two voters in Liberty
Sept 26	Dylan plays Gerde's Folk City in Greenwich Village (with the Greenbriar Boys), gets first review in the New York Times by Robert Shelton ("20-Year-Old Singer Is Bright New Face at Gerdes Club").
Sept 17	U.K.: March & sit-down, Parliament Square: large numbers & many arrests (while Russell in jail)
Sept 24	Herbert Lee, 52, local Negro leader & freedom school attendee, Fayette City, shot by State Rep. Hurst [check xx]
Oct 4	Mass arrest of 3 SNCC members & 110 Negro high school students praying on McComb City Hall steps in protest of Lee's slaying & suspension of two Freedom Riders - ends SNCC voter registration project
Oct	The Twist is still the rage and Chubby Checker leaves for European tour SLATE leads vigil against resumption of nuclear testing by US & USSR; 50,000 women around US demonstrate against the resumption of nuclear testing
Oct 11	Tom Hayden & Paul Potter beaten on visit to voter registration activities
Nov 1 (Nov 6 Bel Air fire)	Women Strike for Peace Tennessee: state auctioneers selling off Highland (?Folk Center) Pushed through by the Kennedys, ICC rules against interstate segregation go into effect - demonstrations throughout the south
Nov 9	Brian Epstein first sees the Beatles at The Cavern, Liverpool
Dec 9	U.K.: Committee of 100 (w Russell) demos at various U.S. air & nuc bases
Dec 10-15	SNCC Freedom Rider test of ICC ruling in Albany, Georgia leads to five days of arrests of 469/500/700 students for marching around city hall. Some 350 choose to stay in jail as part of the Albany movement.
Dec 11	First two U.S. Army helicopter units land in South Vietnam
Dec 16	MLK arrested Albany, Georgia with some 250 more demonstrators
Dec 23-30	Saturday Evening Post: "Youth - The Good Generation": the typical young person "shows few symptoms of frustration, and is most unlikely to rebel or involve himself in crusades of any kind. . . . The United States has bred a generation of nice little boys and girls who are just what we have asked them to be."
1961 when?	HUAC film: Operation Abolition depicting SLATE activities in Berkeley draws activists to Berkeley

1961-1962 Saturday Evening Post and Playboy: Malcolm X - xx

1962 when?	"The East Village, with blacks, comes into being around Tompkins Square western border: Cooper Square" - Hettie Jones Bitter End - Tuesday night Hoots Cesar Chavez (Ce/sar Cha/vez) starts NFWA in Delano with his own savings for 300,000 migratory farmworkers Gideon case: all people accused of serious crimes have a right to be represented by counsel Amelia Newell opens her land at Gorda Mountain, Big Sur for the first open-land commune (at its peak in 1967, 200 people lived there; ended 1968) Sierra Club protests building of dams that would flood Grand Canyon	1962 MUSIC / CINEMA / PUBLISHING Let Me In, Wah-Watusi, Mashed Potato, He's a Rebel (Gene Pitney/The Crystals), Lonely Tear Drops, Girl From Ipanema, Elvis: Return to Sender, Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons: Big Girls Don't Cry, The Drifters: Up on the Roof Neil Sedaka: Breaking Up Is Hard to Do, Little Eva: The Loco-Motion, June 2: Isley Bros: Twist and Shout Sam Cooke: Twisting the Night Away Everly Brothers: Crying in the Rain Beach Boys: Surfin' (Dec 1961) & Surfin' Safari Dick Dale: Surfer's Choice [Rhino:] Duke of Earl / Soldier Boy / Sheila / Joey Dee & the Starliters: Peppermint Twist Part 1 / Dion: The Wanderer / Johnny Angel / Palisades Park (September 4-11 Beatles first recording; December: Love Me Do is on British charts, followed by Please Please Me; a week later Please Please Me first album released) Peter, Paul and Mary at the top of the charts; Ian & Sylvia first record (from Canada) Little Boxes - Malvina Reynolds Vaughn Meader doing JFK improvisations TV: Beverly Hillbillies, Leave It to Beaver (final year) UK: That Was The Year That Was Fellini: Boccaccio ?70 Lolita To Kill a Mockingbird with Gregory Peck Knife in the Water - Roman Polanski Abraham Maslow: Toward a Psychology of Being Harrington: The Other America Kerouac: Big Sur Rachael Carson: Silent Spring Miller: Tropic of Capricorn Ken Kesey: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Aldous Huxley: Island (utopian community) Alan Watts: The Joyous Cosmology ?Adelle Davis: Exploring Inner Space Euell Gibbons: Stalking the Wild Asparagus Aug 9 - Herman Hesse dies, nearly unknown to U.S. readers John Lilly article on dolphin research in Science magazine Findhorn Foundation (Scotland) founded
Feb 7	First U.S. Army support companies arrive in Saigon
Feb 16-17	Boston SANE & fledgling SDS hold first anti-nuclear march on Washington; 4000-8000 show up
Feb 20	First (person?) (American) to orbit earth: John Glenn
F? M?	Baker v. Carr: one man/one vote
Mar?	Harvard Psilocybin Project challenged (meanwhile Leary has discovered LSD) [? page 162 - Storming Heaven, & page 163 - see]
Mar	March 9: Life Magazine: Folk singers and their fans - ABC's Hootenanny television show Bob Dylan: first album out Strategic Hamlet program started in Vietnam
Mar?	(14 months after JFK in office) military budget up 9 billion
Apr	(Dylan writes Blowin in the Wind)
Apr 6	First Hootenanny television show - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor #1 The Limeliters: "I Had a Mule," "Wake Up, Dunia," "The Riddle Song." Bud & Travis: "Raspberries, Strawberries," "Delia's Gone." Bob Gibson: "Good News," "Yes I See" (with the Limeliters). Bonnie Dobson: "She's Like a Swallow," "Fare Thee Well" (with Bob Gibson). FINALE: "Mary Don't You Weep" (Saturdays, 8:30 pm EST) - runs 13 weeks, until April 25,1964
Apr 11	Beatles back to Hamburg to play at the Star-Club (to June 4)
Apr 26	Vanessa Redgrave (among others) speaks at Bertrand Russell's Committee of 100 anti-nuclear weapons demonstration at Air Ministry in London [?=Trafalgar Square] [Date checked by Dennis Pearson - Sources: Michael Kohlman: Sobel, Lester A. Facts on File Yearbook 1962. New York: Facts on File Inc. 1963:137. / Tarik Husain: Redgrave, Vanessa. Vanessa Redgrave. New York: Random House. 1994.]
Apr 27	Los Angeles Negro uprising (according to "Eyes on The Prize"): Griffith Park - 200 youths vs police arresting one for horseplay on a merry-go-round
May	Pete Seeger's charges finally reversed (for HUAC silence)
Jn12-16	Port Huron Statement (SDS)
summer	Neal Cassady visits Ken Kesey at Perry Lane, having read "One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest" Jamaica, Trinidad, & Tobaga become independent first doubts about LSD research start to surface (35 Harvards meet at Hotel Catalina in Zihuatanejo) July - Thalidomide in the news
July 10	Martin Luther King & Abernathy choose to go to jail for their part in December Albany demonstrations
July 12	Unidentified Negro man (secretly sent by JFK) pays MLK's fine
July 19	First tv picture crosses Atlantic ocean by Telstar satellite
July 27	Martin Luther King back in jail (to Aug 10)
Aug	Ban the Bomb demos UN, London, Helsinki, Tokyo, Hiroshima; Women's Strike for Peace (End the Arms Race, Not the Human Race)
Aug 4	Sat eve: Marilyn Monroe dies at 36 (? of drug o.d.??)
fall	Leary founds International Foundation for Internal Freedom (IFIF) to promote LSD research & publish The Psychedelic Review; IFIF rents two houses in Newton as "Freedom House"s
Sept	SNCC voter registration drive leaders in Georgia sniped at & churches burned & Mississippi (Ruleville)
Sept 30	-Oct 1 JFK calls out troops to allow James Meredith to become the first Negro admitted to University of Mississippi (troops stay until late summer 1963, after Meredith has his degree) (Dylan writes Oxford Town)
Oct 3, 1961	Eisenhower speech at Naval War College: Q: General, in one of your final speeches you warned of the dangers of a military-industrial complex. What can the military do to prevent this from happening? A: I think that my earlier little sermon was about as good an answer as I could give you on that question. What I did say was this: it wasn't merely the armament industry. I said that we are getting such combinations of influences which affect our own interests in so many places that we must be very, vary careful that we don't go down the wrong path. For example, if, as an Army officer, I am offered more armies or more missiles, I will consider this as double insurance. All the other services certainly feel the same way. We want all we can get. The JCS constantly would tell me that the sums placed before Congress for our defense were quite ample. But each always said that he needed a bit more of the pie. If we are going to solve this particular problem, we have got to recognize that the nation's resources are not unlimited. The congressman who sees a new defense establishment in his district; the company in Los Angeles, Denver, or Baltimore that wants an order for more airplanes; the services which want them, the armies of scientists who want so terribly to test out their newest views; put all of these together and you have a lobby. This lobby has not necessarily been formed deliberately, but it is a lobby which has been formed out of a community of interests - and it touches almost every individual in the United States. This is the thing we have got to watch out for. And I think all of us must be very, very careful not to let those unconsciously formed lobbies influence our thinking too much. The heavy responsibilities that fall upon you as advisors must be carried out with complete disinterest and disassociation from your own personal ideas. You cannot permit yourselves to ask, "Wouldn't it be nice to have another half dozen carriers, or a hundred more Polarises?" This is what I was talking about six months ago.
Oct 22	Vaughn Meader tapes The First Family album
Oct 22-28	President Kennedy's Cuban Missile Blockade (after 10 months of CIA's Operation Mongoose) JFK quarantines Cuba, demanding removal of Soviet missiles WORLD COMES CLOSEST EVER TO NUCLEAR WAR (Dylan writes A Hard Rains A-Gonna Fall)
Nov	Nixon loses for governor for California (to incumbent Pat Brown) First Berkeley sit-in against racial discrimination at Mel's Drive-in, San Francisco & demos around the country and the south
Nov 23	Joan Baez on the cover of Time magazine
Dec	Mariner 2 sends photos of Venus Bob Dylan's first trip to England

1962 when? JFK announces the US would unilaterally stop nuclear tests in the atmosphere,
which began the cycling down of the arms race until JFK left office
1962 when? Nuclear non-proliferation pact

1963-1980 Baby boomer generation (Prophet) born 1943-1960 turns 20

1963	Height of the Mods and Rockers in UK (according to Quadrophenia) Robert Mangalise Sobukwe is detained after completion of three-year sentence by a special Act of Parliament, and transferred from Pretoria to Robben Island prison. The Act is renewed yearly until 1969, when he was finally released, sent to Kimberley, a place where he had never lived before, and kept under house arrest until his death in 1978. John Vorster, then minister of the country, said of Sobukwe, 'He is a man with magnetic personality, great organising ability and a divine sense of mission.' 1963?? Life? Look?: A College Majority - Dropouts - Six out of ten leave college before they graduate - most by the end of their sophomore year . . . cannot seem to leave the vicinity of the campus, fill cheap apartments . . . whole colonies of dropouts spring up; one student asked, 'What's wrong with hanging around? My God - they're the only real students at the college.' " Equal Pay for Equal Work law passed	1963 MUSIC / CINEMA / PUBLISHING (Sam Cooke: Another Saturday Night, The Ronettes: Be My Baby, Beach Boys: Be True to Your School, The Crystals: Da Doo Ron Ron & Then He Kissed Me, Leslie Gore: It's My Party, The Angels: My Boyfriend's Back, Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons: Walk Like a Man) Beach Boys: Surfin' USA & Surfer Girl (with Little Deuce Coupe) Jan & Dean: Surf City Ventures: Surfing Chris Kenner: Land of 1000 Dances PT 109 (what year?) LIVERPOOL! Beatles: first album and Feb. 1- "Please, Please Me" #1 in UK (not yet known in US??) [Rhino:] Louie Louie / Sugar Shack / He's So Fine / It's My Party / Easier Said Than Done / Walk Like a Man / My Boyfriend's Back / Little Stevie Wonder: Fingertips Hello Muddah, The Singing Nun; Guantanamara, If I Had a Hammer, Puff the Magic Dragon, ?Charlie off the MTA? Freewheelin' Bob Dylan with "Blowin in the Wind" Peter, Paul, and Mary: August: Blowin' in the Wind is #5 in 10th week on Billboard magazine's Hot 100, sixth week in the Top 10, was at #2 two weeks before./ covers by Peter, Paul & Mary & many others. There But For Fortune - Phil Ochs Chad Mitchell Trio (with John Denver) Tom Paxton: The Last Thing on My Mind (?album) Dave Van Ronk gets recorded Judy Henske records three albums Buffy Sainte-Marie: It's My Way (1st album) with Universal Soldier Bo Diddley first album Otis Redding first album Little Stevie Wonder (Bunny Wailer, Marley, Tosh start playing together). Merle Haggard cuts first records, launches "Bakersfield Sound" with Buck Owens. Misssissippi John Hurt, 1920s bluesman, rediscovered and performs at festivals (Son House & Skip James also). TV: Buddy Dean show (?Philadelphia?) - canceled rather than integrate Fellini: Eight and a Half (The Great Escape, Cleopatra, From Russia With Love) Dr. Strangelove or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, directed by Kubrick Alfred Hitchcock films The Birds in Bodega Bay, California Mary MacCarthy: The Group Book of the Hopi - Frank Waters Betty Friedan: The Feminine Mystique James Baldwin: The Fire Next Time + Notes of a Native Son John Cage: A Year From Monday Vonnegut: Cat's Cradle (ice 9) Leary +: The Psychedelic Experience* (version of the Tibetan Book of the Dead/Bardo Thodol) J. D. Salinger: Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters, and Seymour: An Introduction Pier Avenue Junior High in Hermosa Beach, California hosts US's first skateboarding competition (My Fair Lady, Mary Poppins) (The Umbrellas of Cherbourg) (Tom Jones - UK) [Gitlen:] 1963: 930 civil rights demonstrations in at least 115 cities in eleven southern states; over 20,000 arrested.
Jan	Albama Gov. Wallace's "Segregation Forever" speech at inauguration
Feb 20	Greenwood, Miss: SNCC Voter Registration headquarters & 4 Negro businesses burned
Feb 28	Jimmy Travis, 20, Bob Moses & Randolph Blackwell, returning from V E Project meeting, shot at
March	shootings & burnings in Greenwood & arrests & Republicans introduce stronger civil rights legislation into Congress
Apr 3	Birmingham: sit-ins & demos begun by SCLC & volunteers
Apr 11	Birmingham, Alabama city officials (including Bull Connor) obtain injunction against any demonstrations
Apr 12	Dylan's first major concert - Town Hall, New York City
April 12-20	Martin Luther King & Abernathy go to jail in Birmingham for marching in defiance of the injunction
Apr 14	Easter Sunday SANE, New York City "Peace Walk"
May?	Dylan tapes John Birch Society Blues for the Ed Sullivan tv show (censored) May 1 - Dylan interviewed by Studs Terkel & in last Time magazine issue in May
May 2	Birmingham: 958 children go to jail for marching
May 3	Connor orders fire houses & dogs turned on children marching out of the 16th St Baptist Church in Birmingham to keep them from marching out of the "Negro section"
May 6	(Mon) Birmingham: 1000 children & adults arrested, making a total of about 2500 (Ella Baker, Dave Dellinger, James Forman, Dick Gregory, Guy & Candie Carawan, Joan Baez in Birmingham)
May 7	Thousands of Negro children enter downtown "white" Birmingham
May 8	Buddhist uprisings against Diem start in Hue
May 9?	Meetings between white & Negro leaders negotiate an end to much of Birmingham segregation
May 11	(Sat) KKK rally just outside of Birmingham and bombing of A.D. King's home & Gaston Motel, followed by riot around the motel area
May 16 - xxx	Sit-ins & marches throughout the south next 10 weeks: 758 demonstrations, 14,733 arrests - in 186 cities (throughout June & July)
May	Freewheelin' Bob Dylan (with Blowin in the Wind) Joan Baez and Bob Dylan sing at Monterey Folk Festival, and Baez starts introducing Dylan at her concerts
May 15-16	L. Gordon Cooper makes 22 orbits of earth in a Mercury spacecraft - http://www.spaceline.org/flightchron/mercuryma9.html
May 28	Medgar Evers gets agreement of negotiations in Jackson which is then withdrawn; 4 students & professor harassed during sit-in at Woolworth's lunch counter
May 31	600 children arrested for marching [Jackson?? or Birmingham?]
June 1	First Buddhist monk, Quang Duc (73) immolates self in Vietnam
June	Leary quits Harvard; Alpert fired Bob Dylan's Blowin in the Wind in the top 10 Demonstrations & arrests - Tallahasee, North Carolina
June ?1	Saturday Review: They Split My Personality (negative on LSD) - get? [June 1 46:39 (& July 6 46:43-5)]
June 5	First Negro student enters University of Mississippi law school (without incident)
June 9	Arinell Ponder of SCLC & 5 students arrested & beaten for using white Trailways bathrooms, Winona, Miss.
June 11	Cambridge, Md: 25 arrested outside courthouse; firehoses in Danville, Va send 48 of 65 demos to hospital; Gov. George Wallace, trying to fulfill campaign promise to "stand in the schoolhouse door" to halt integration, is confronted by Alabama National Guard, placed under Federal control by JFKennedy Two Negro students quietly registered at University of Alabama JFKennedy television speech promises Civil Rights bill, Southern Democrats vow to block
June 12	Medgar Evers (NAACP Field Sec) shot dead, Jackson, Mississippi, on arrival at his home (Dylan writes Only a Pawn in their Game) Buddhist monk Trich Quan Duc publicly immolates himself, Saigon
summer	Leary hosts Freedom House groups in Zihuatanejo, Mexico & is forced to move on to Dominica & then Antigua (ck Time mag) [The movie "Dirty Dancing" is set in summer of 1963]
July	Dylan, Peter Seeger and Burl Ives visit & sing in field outside Greenwood, Mississippi
July (end)	Newport Folk Festival: 37,000 attend, debut for many new folk musicians, including Bob Dylan (introduced by Joan Baez) ---> start of Hootenanny fad In the following months Dylan appears with Baez at numerous concerts
Aug 3 3-4	Beatles farewell show at the Cavern Club [Picketers in Torrance, California and other places]
Aug 27	Look magazine: The real folk singers: Miram Makeba; Chad Mitchell Trio; Peter, Paul, and Mary; Burl Ives; The Weavers; Theodore Bikel; Kingston Trio; Brothers Four; the Limeliters; the New Lost City Ramblers; Lester Flatt; Earl Scruggs; Bill Monroe; Doc Watson; Odetta; "Lightnin' Sam" Hopkins; "Big Bill" Broonzy; Leadbelly; John Lee Hooker; Harry Belafonte; Jean Ritchie; Bob Dylan; Pete Seeger; Joan Baez; Woody Guthrie.
Aug 28	MLK's "I Have a Dream" speech, Washington DC Civil Rights March 200,000 / 300,000 - 500,000 / 210,000 - 250,000+ (JoanBaez, Odetta, Josh White, SNCC Freedom Singers, Peter, Paul & Mary, Dylan perform; also Marlon Brando, Charlton Heston, Paul Newman, Harry Belafonte, Marian Anderson, Sammy Davis, Jr. and Diahann Carroll)
Sept?	Negative pieces on Leary/Alpert firing appear in Esquire, Saturday Evening Post, Look (get?)
mid- Sept	Timothy Leary, Richard Alpert, and other Harvard alumni LSD-researchers move to the Hitchcock's estate in Millbrook, New York (+ The Psychedelic Exp going to printer) fall Time mag on IFIF - get?
Sept	Birmingham fights over school integration
Sept 10	20 Negro children integrated into Birmingham schools
Sept 13	Wallace announces candidacy for president
Sept 15	Sixteenth Street Baptist church in Birmingham bombed, killing four young Negro female Sunday School students (Addie Mae Collins 14, Denise McNair 11, Carol Robertson 14, Cynthia Wesley 11)
Oct 7	JFKennedy signs Atomic / Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, first disarmament agreement of the nuclear age (banned atmospheric tests? in space & beneath the sea) Oct 9 JFKennedy announces negotiations for the first wheat sale to USSR
Oct	Dylan and Baez at the Hollywood Bowl, Los Angeles
Oct 13	Beatles at London Palladium shown on television; media discovers Beatlemania ("I Want to Hold Your Hand is #1 in UK) (Lennon is 23)
Nov 1	Vietnam: Military junta overthrows and assassinates Diem
Nov	early: "Freedom Vote" 90,000 Mississippi Negroes "vote" (in parallel election organized by SNCC) for the first time
Nov	Beatlemania UK to January 1964 Dylan at Carnegie Hall and Newsweek article Playboy: Allen Harrington's account of LSD session & Huxley's last piece on the psychedelic dream - get? Leary's IFIF mutates into Castalia
Nov	end JFKennedy plans withdrawal/withdraws 1000 of 17,000 advisors in Vietnam, quietly opens a dialogue with Castro's Cuba, and pursues detente with the USSR (Hayden) 16,000 troops in Vietnam
Nov 22	President John Fitzgerald Kennedy assassinated, Lyndon Baines Johnson sworn in as President; schools and businesses close for days while television covers the events and the funeral on November 25 also Aldous Huxley dies, on LSD
Nov 24	Lee Harvey Oswald, under arrest for killing Kennedy, is assassinated LBJ signs national security memorandum stating US goal in Vietnam is helping the Saigon government to a military "victory"
Dec 24	3000 girls at Beatles Christmas show at the Astoria Cinema, London
On to The Early Sixties: British Rock and The Free Speech Movement 1964-1965